Contract Address Details

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.24;

import { Inbox } from "src/layer1/core/impl/Inbox.sol";
import { LibFasterReentryLock } from "src/layer1/mainnet/LibFasterReentryLock.sol";

import "./DevnetInbox_Layout.sol"; // DO NOT DELETE

/// @title DevnetInbox
/// @dev This contract extends the base Inbox contract for devnet deployment
/// with optimized reentrancy lock implementation.
/// @custom:security-contact security@taiko.xyz
contract DevnetInbox is Inbox {
    // ---------------------------------------------------------------
    // Constants
    // ---------------------------------------------------------------
    /// @dev Ring buffer size for storing proposal hashes.
    /// Assumptions:
    /// - D = 2: Proposals may continue without finalization for up to 2 days.
    /// - P = 6: On average, 1 proposal is submitted every 6 Ethereum slots (≈72s).
    ///
    /// Calculation:
    ///   _RING_BUFFER_SIZE = (86400 * D) / 12 / P
    ///                     = (86400 * 2) / 12 / 6
    ///                     = 2400
    uint64 private constant _RING_BUFFER_SIZE = 100;

    // ---------------------------------------------------------------
    // Constructor
    // ---------------------------------------------------------------

    constructor(
        address _proofVerifier,
        address _proposerChecker,
        address _proverWhitelist,
        address _signalService,
        address _codec
    )
        Inbox(Config({
                codec: _codec,
                proofVerifier: _proofVerifier,
                proposerChecker: _proposerChecker,
                proverWhitelist: _proverWhitelist,
                signalService: _signalService,
                provingWindow: 2 hours,
                maxProofSubmissionDelay: 3 minutes, // We want this to be lower than the proposal cadence
                ringBufferSize: _RING_BUFFER_SIZE,
                basefeeSharingPctg: 75,
                minForcedInclusionCount: 1,
                forcedInclusionDelay: 0,
                forcedInclusionFeeInGwei: 10_000_000, // 0.01 ETH base fee
                forcedInclusionFeeDoubleThreshold: 50, // fee doubles at 50 pending
                minCheckpointDelay: 384 seconds, // 1 epoch
                permissionlessInclusionMultiplier: 5
            }))
    { }

    // ---------------------------------------------------------------
    // Internal Functions
    // ---------------------------------------------------------------

    function _storeReentryLock(uint8 _reentry) internal override {
        LibFasterReentryLock.storeReentryLock(_reentry);
    }

    function _loadReentryLock() internal view override returns (uint8) {
        return LibFasterReentryLock.loadReentryLock();
    }
}
        

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.24;

/// @title IResolver
/// @notice This contract acts as a bridge for name-to-address resolution.
/// @custom:security-contact security@taiko.xyz
interface IResolver {
    error RESOLVED_TO_ZERO_ADDRESS();

    /// @notice Resolves a name to its address deployed on a specified chain.
    /// @param _chainId The chainId of interest.
    /// @param _name Name whose address is to be resolved.
    /// @param _allowZeroAddress If set to true, does not throw if the resolved
    /// address is `address(0)`.
    /// @return Address associated with the given name on the specified
    /// chain.
    function resolve(
        uint256 _chainId,
        bytes32 _name,
        bool _allowZeroAddress
    )
        external
        view
        returns (address);
}
          

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.9.0) (utils/StorageSlot.sol)
// This file was procedurally generated from scripts/generate/templates/StorageSlot.js.

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev Library for reading and writing primitive types to specific storage slots.
 *
 * Storage slots are often used to avoid storage conflict when dealing with upgradeable contracts.
 * This library helps with reading and writing to such slots without the need for inline assembly.
 *
 * The functions in this library return Slot structs that contain a `value` member that can be used to read or write.
 *
 * Example usage to set ERC1967 implementation slot:
 * ```solidity
 * contract ERC1967 {
 *     bytes32 internal constant _IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT = 0x360894a13ba1a3210667c828492db98dca3e2076cc3735a920a3ca505d382bbc;
 *
 *     function _getImplementation() internal view returns (address) {
 *         return StorageSlot.getAddressSlot(_IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT).value;
 *     }
 *
 *     function _setImplementation(address newImplementation) internal {
 *         require(Address.isContract(newImplementation), "ERC1967: new implementation is not a contract");
 *         StorageSlot.getAddressSlot(_IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT).value = newImplementation;
 *     }
 * }
 * ```
 *
 * _Available since v4.1 for `address`, `bool`, `bytes32`, `uint256`._
 * _Available since v4.9 for `string`, `bytes`._
 */
library StorageSlot {
    struct AddressSlot {
        address value;
    }

    struct BooleanSlot {
        bool value;
    }

    struct Bytes32Slot {
        bytes32 value;
    }

    struct Uint256Slot {
        uint256 value;
    }

    struct StringSlot {
        string value;
    }

    struct BytesSlot {
        bytes value;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns an `AddressSlot` with member `value` located at `slot`.
     */
    function getAddressSlot(bytes32 slot) internal pure returns (AddressSlot storage r) {
        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
        assembly {
            r.slot := slot
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns an `BooleanSlot` with member `value` located at `slot`.
     */
    function getBooleanSlot(bytes32 slot) internal pure returns (BooleanSlot storage r) {
        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
        assembly {
            r.slot := slot
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns an `Bytes32Slot` with member `value` located at `slot`.
     */
    function getBytes32Slot(bytes32 slot) internal pure returns (Bytes32Slot storage r) {
        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
        assembly {
            r.slot := slot
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns an `Uint256Slot` with member `value` located at `slot`.
     */
    function getUint256Slot(bytes32 slot) internal pure returns (Uint256Slot storage r) {
        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
        assembly {
            r.slot := slot
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns an `StringSlot` with member `value` located at `slot`.
     */
    function getStringSlot(bytes32 slot) internal pure returns (StringSlot storage r) {
        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
        assembly {
            r.slot := slot
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns an `StringSlot` representation of the string storage pointer `store`.
     */
    function getStringSlot(string storage store) internal pure returns (StringSlot storage r) {
        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
        assembly {
            r.slot := store.slot
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns an `BytesSlot` with member `value` located at `slot`.
     */
    function getBytesSlot(bytes32 slot) internal pure returns (BytesSlot storage r) {
        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
        assembly {
            r.slot := slot
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns an `BytesSlot` representation of the bytes storage pointer `store`.
     */
    function getBytesSlot(bytes storage store) internal pure returns (BytesSlot storage r) {
        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
        assembly {
            r.slot := store.slot
        }
    }
}
          

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.24;

import { LibBlobs } from "../libs/LibBlobs.sol";

/// @title IForcedInclusionStore
/// @custom:security-contact security@taiko.xyz
interface IForcedInclusionStore {
    /// @notice Represents a forced inclusion that will be stored onchain.
    struct ForcedInclusion {
        /// @notice The fee in Gwei that was paid to submit the forced inclusion.
        uint64 feeInGwei;
        /// @notice The proposal's blob slice.
        LibBlobs.BlobSlice blobSlice;
    }

    /// @dev Event emitted when a forced inclusion is stored.
    event ForcedInclusionSaved(ForcedInclusion forcedInclusion);

    /// @notice Saves a forced inclusion request
    /// A priority fee must be paid to the contract
    /// @dev Only one blob reference can be saved per forced inclusion
    /// @param _blobReference The blob locator that contains the transaction data
    function saveForcedInclusion(LibBlobs.BlobReference memory _blobReference) external payable;

    /// @notice Returns the current dynamic forced inclusion fee based on queue size
    /// The fee scales linearly with queue size using the formula:
    /// fee = baseFee × (1 + numPending / threshold)
    /// Examples with threshold = 100 and baseFee = 0.01 ETH:
    /// - 0 pending:   fee = 0.01 × (1 + 0/100)   = 0.01 ETH (1× base)
    /// - 50 pending:  fee = 0.01 × (1 + 50/100)  = 0.015 ETH (1.5× base)
    /// - 100 pending: fee = 0.01 × (1 + 100/100) = 0.02 ETH (2× base, DOUBLED)
    /// - 150 pending: fee = 0.01 × (1 + 150/100) = 0.025 ETH (2.5× base)
    /// - 200 pending: fee = 0.01 × (1 + 200/100) = 0.03 ETH (3× base, TRIPLED)
    /// @return feeInGwei_ The current fee in Gwei
    function getCurrentForcedInclusionFee() external view returns (uint64 feeInGwei_);

    /// @notice Returns forced inclusions stored starting from a given index.
    /// @dev Returns an empty array if `_start` is outside the valid range [head, tail) or if
    ///      `_maxCount` is zero. Otherwise returns actual stored entries from the queue.
    /// @param _start The queue index to start reading from (must be in range [head, tail)).
    /// @param _maxCount Maximum number of inclusions to return. Passing zero returns an empty
    ///        array.
    /// @return inclusions_ Forced inclusions from the queue starting at `_start`. The actual length
    ///         will be `min(_maxCount, tail - _start)`, or zero if `_start` is out of range.
    function getForcedInclusions(
        uint48 _start,
        uint48 _maxCount
    )
        external
        view
        returns (ForcedInclusion[] memory inclusions_);

    /// @notice Returns the queue pointers for the forced inclusion store.
    /// @return head_ Index of the oldest forced inclusion in the queue.
    /// @return tail_ Index of the next free slot in the queue.
    function getForcedInclusionState() external view returns (uint48 head_, uint48 tail_);
}
          

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.24;

import { IInbox } from "../iface/IInbox.sol";
import { LibPackUnpack as P } from "./LibPackUnpack.sol";

/// @title LibProveInputCodec
/// @notice Compact encoder/decoder for ProveInput using LibPackUnpack.
/// @custom:security-contact security@taiko.xyz
library LibProveInputCodec {
    /// @notice Encodes ProveInput data using compact packing.
    function encode(IInbox.ProveInput memory _input) internal pure returns (bytes memory encoded_) {
        IInbox.Commitment memory c = _input.commitment;
        uint256 bufferSize = _calculateSize(c.transitions.length);
        encoded_ = new bytes(bufferSize);

        uint256 ptr = P.dataPtr(encoded_);

        ptr = P.packUint48(ptr, c.firstProposalId);
        ptr = P.packBytes32(ptr, c.firstProposalParentBlockHash);
        ptr = P.packBytes32(ptr, c.lastProposalHash);
        ptr = P.packAddress(ptr, c.actualProver);
        ptr = P.packUint48(ptr, c.endBlockNumber);
        ptr = P.packBytes32(ptr, c.endStateRoot);

        P.checkArrayLength(c.transitions.length);
        ptr = P.packUint16(ptr, uint16(c.transitions.length));
        for (uint256 i; i < c.transitions.length; ++i) {
            _encodeTransition(ptr, c.transitions[i]);
            ptr += 78; // Transition size: 20 + 20 + 6 + 32 = 78 bytes
        }

        // Encode forceCheckpointSync
        P.packUint8(ptr, _input.forceCheckpointSync ? 1 : 0);
    }

    /// @notice Decodes ProveInput data using compact packing.
    function decode(bytes memory _data) internal pure returns (IInbox.ProveInput memory input_) {
        uint256 ptr = P.dataPtr(_data);

        (input_.commitment.firstProposalId, ptr) = P.unpackUint48(ptr);
        (input_.commitment.firstProposalParentBlockHash, ptr) = P.unpackBytes32(ptr);
        (input_.commitment.lastProposalHash, ptr) = P.unpackBytes32(ptr);
        (input_.commitment.actualProver, ptr) = P.unpackAddress(ptr);
        (input_.commitment.endBlockNumber, ptr) = P.unpackUint48(ptr);
        (input_.commitment.endStateRoot, ptr) = P.unpackBytes32(ptr);

        uint16 transitionsLength;
        (transitionsLength, ptr) = P.unpackUint16(ptr);
        input_.commitment.transitions = new IInbox.Transition[](transitionsLength);
        for (uint256 i; i < transitionsLength; ++i) {
            (input_.commitment.transitions[i], ptr) = _decodeTransition(ptr);
        }

        // Decode forceCheckpointSync
        uint8 forceCheckpointSyncByte;
        (forceCheckpointSyncByte,) = P.unpackUint8(ptr);
        input_.forceCheckpointSync = forceCheckpointSyncByte != 0;
    }

    /// @dev Calculate the size needed for encoding.
    /// @param _numTransitions Number of transitions in the array.
    /// @return size_ Total byte size needed.
    function _calculateSize(uint256 _numTransitions) private pure returns (uint256 size_) {
        unchecked {
            // Fixed fields:
            //   firstProposalId: 6 bytes
            //   firstProposalParentBlockHash: 32 bytes
            //   lastProposalHash: 32 bytes
            //   actualProver: 20 bytes
            //   endBlockNumber: 6 bytes
            //   endStateRoot: 32 bytes
            //   transitions array length: 2 bytes
            //   forceCheckpointSync: 1 byte
            // Total fixed: 131 bytes
            //
            // Per Transition:
            //   proposer: 20 bytes
            //   designatedProver: 20 bytes
            //   timestamp: 6 bytes
            //   blockHash: 32 bytes
            // Total per transition: 78 bytes
            size_ = 131 + (_numTransitions * 78);
        }
    }

    function _encodeTransition(
        uint256 _ptr,
        IInbox.Transition memory _transition
    )
        private
        pure
        returns (uint256 newPtr_)
    {
        newPtr_ = P.packAddress(_ptr, _transition.proposer);
        newPtr_ = P.packAddress(newPtr_, _transition.designatedProver);
        newPtr_ = P.packUint48(newPtr_, _transition.timestamp);
        newPtr_ = P.packBytes32(newPtr_, _transition.blockHash);
    }

    function _decodeTransition(uint256 _ptr)
        private
        pure
        returns (IInbox.Transition memory transition_, uint256 newPtr_)
    {
        (transition_.proposer, newPtr_) = P.unpackAddress(_ptr);
        (transition_.designatedProver, newPtr_) = P.unpackAddress(newPtr_);
        (transition_.timestamp, newPtr_) = P.unpackUint48(newPtr_);
        (transition_.blockHash, newPtr_) = P.unpackBytes32(newPtr_);
    }
}
          

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.9.0) (access/Ownable.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "../utils/ContextUpgradeable.sol";
import {Initializable} from "../proxy/utils/Initializable.sol";

/**
 * @dev Contract module which provides a basic access control mechanism, where
 * there is an account (an owner) that can be granted exclusive access to
 * specific functions.
 *
 * By default, the owner account will be the one that deploys the contract. This
 * can later be changed with {transferOwnership}.
 *
 * This module is used through inheritance. It will make available the modifier
 * `onlyOwner`, which can be applied to your functions to restrict their use to
 * the owner.
 */
abstract contract OwnableUpgradeable is Initializable, ContextUpgradeable {
    address private _owner;

    event OwnershipTransferred(address indexed previousOwner, address indexed newOwner);

    /**
     * @dev Initializes the contract setting the deployer as the initial owner.
     */
    function __Ownable_init() internal onlyInitializing {
        __Ownable_init_unchained();
    }

    function __Ownable_init_unchained() internal onlyInitializing {
        _transferOwnership(_msgSender());
    }

    /**
     * @dev Throws if called by any account other than the owner.
     */
    modifier onlyOwner() {
        _checkOwner();
        _;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the address of the current owner.
     */
    function owner() public view virtual returns (address) {
        return _owner;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Throws if the sender is not the owner.
     */
    function _checkOwner() internal view virtual {
        require(owner() == _msgSender(), "Ownable: caller is not the owner");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Leaves the contract without owner. It will not be possible to call
     * `onlyOwner` functions. Can only be called by the current owner.
     *
     * NOTE: Renouncing ownership will leave the contract without an owner,
     * thereby disabling any functionality that is only available to the owner.
     */
    function renounceOwnership() public virtual onlyOwner {
        _transferOwnership(address(0));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Transfers ownership of the contract to a new account (`newOwner`).
     * Can only be called by the current owner.
     */
    function transferOwnership(address newOwner) public virtual onlyOwner {
        require(newOwner != address(0), "Ownable: new owner is the zero address");
        _transferOwnership(newOwner);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Transfers ownership of the contract to a new account (`newOwner`).
     * Internal function without access restriction.
     */
    function _transferOwnership(address newOwner) internal virtual {
        address oldOwner = _owner;
        _owner = newOwner;
        emit OwnershipTransferred(oldOwner, newOwner);
    }

    /**
     * @dev This empty reserved space is put in place to allow future versions to add new
     * variables without shifting down storage in the inheritance chain.
     * See https://docs.openzeppelin.com/contracts/4.x/upgradeable#storage_gaps
     */
    uint256[49] private __gap;
}
          

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.24;

/// @title IProofVerifier
/// @notice Interface for verifying validity proofs for state transitions
/// @custom:security-contact security@taiko.xyz
interface IProofVerifier {
    /// @notice Verifies a validity proof for a state transition
    /// @dev This function must revert if the proof is invalid
    /// @param _proposalAge The age in seconds of the proposal being proven. Only set for
    ///        single-proposal proofs (calculated as block.timestamp - proposal.timestamp).
    ///        For multi-proposal batches, this is always 0, meaning "not applicable".
    ///        Verifiers should interpret _proposalAge == 0 as "not applicable" rather than
    ///        "instant proof". This parameter enables age-based verification logic, such as
    ///        detecting and handling prover-killer proposals differently.
    /// @param _commitmentHash Hash of the last proposal hash and commitment data
    /// @param _proof The proof data
    function verifyProof(
        uint256 _proposalAge,
        bytes32 _commitmentHash,
        bytes calldata _proof
    )
        external
        view;
}
          

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.24;

/// @title LibBlobs
/// @notice Library for handling blobs.
/// @custom:security-contact security@taiko.xyz
library LibBlobs {
    // ---------------------------------------------------------------
    // Constants
    // ---------------------------------------------------------------
    uint256 internal constant FIELD_ELEMENT_BYTES = 32;
    uint256 internal constant BLOB_FIELD_ELEMENTS = 4096;
    uint256 internal constant BLOB_BYTES = BLOB_FIELD_ELEMENTS * FIELD_ELEMENT_BYTES;

    // ---------------------------------------------------------------
    // Structs
    // ---------------------------------------------------------------

    /// @notice Represents a segment of data that is stored in multiple consecutive blobs created
    /// in this transaction.
    struct BlobReference {
        /// @notice The starting index of the blob.
        uint16 blobStartIndex;
        /// @notice The number of blobs.
        uint16 numBlobs;
        /// @notice The field-element offset within the blob data.
        uint24 offset;
    }

    /// @notice Represents a frame of data that is stored in multiple blobs. Note the size is
    /// encoded as a bytes32 at the offset location.
    struct BlobSlice {
        /// @notice The blobs containing the proposal's content.
        bytes32[] blobHashes;
        /// @notice The byte offset of the proposal's content in the containing blobs.
        uint24 offset;
        /// @notice The timestamp when the frame was created.
        uint48 timestamp;
    }

    // ---------------------------------------------------------------
    // Functions
    // ---------------------------------------------------------------

    /// @dev Validates a blob locator and converts it to a blob slice.
    /// @param _blobReference The blob locator to validate.
    /// @return The blob slice.
    function validateBlobReference(BlobReference memory _blobReference)
        internal
        view
        returns (BlobSlice memory)
    {
        require(_blobReference.numBlobs > 0, NoBlobs());

        bytes32[] memory blobHashes = new bytes32[](_blobReference.numBlobs);
        for (uint256 i; i < _blobReference.numBlobs; ++i) {
            blobHashes[i] = blobhash(_blobReference.blobStartIndex + i);
            require(blobHashes[i] != 0, BlobNotFound());
        }

        return BlobSlice({
            blobHashes: blobHashes,
            offset: _blobReference.offset,
            timestamp: uint48(block.timestamp)
        });
    }

    // ---------------------------------------------------------------
    // Errors
    // ---------------------------------------------------------------

    error BlobNotFound();
    error NoBlobs();
}
          

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.24;

import "./ICheckpointStore.sol";

/// @title ISignalService
/// @notice The SignalService contract serves as a secure cross-chain message
/// passing system. It defines methods for sending and verifying signals with
/// merkle proofs. The trust assumption is that the target chain has secure
/// access to the merkle root (such as Taiko injects it in the anchor
/// transaction). With this, verifying a signal is reduced to simply verifying
/// a merkle proof.
/// @custom:security-contact security@taiko.xyz
interface ISignalService is ICheckpointStore {
    /// @dev DEPRECATED
    /// @dev Caching is no longer supported
    enum CacheOption {
        CACHE_NOTHING,
        CACHE_SIGNAL_ROOT,
        CACHE_STATE_ROOT,
        CACHE_BOTH
    }

    struct HopProof {
        /// @notice This hop's destination chain ID. If there is a next hop, this ID is the next
        /// hop's source chain ID.
        uint64 chainId;
        /// @notice The ID of a source chain block whose state root has been synced to the hop's
        /// destination chain.
        /// Note that this block ID must be greater than or equal to the block ID where the signal
        /// was sent on the source chain.
        uint64 blockId;
        /// @notice The state root or signal root of the source chain at the above blockId. This
        /// value has been synced to the destination chain.
        /// @dev To get both the blockId and the rootHash, apps should subscribe to the
        /// ChainDataSynced event or query `topBlockId` first using the source chain's ID and
        /// LibStrings.H_STATE_ROOT to get the most recent block ID synced, then call
        /// `getSyncedChainData` to read the synchronized data.
        bytes32 rootHash;
        /// @notice Options to cache either the state roots or signal roots of middle-hops to the
        /// current chain.
        /// @dev DEPRECATED - this value will be ignored
        CacheOption cacheOption;
        /// @notice The signal service's account proof. If this value is empty, then `rootHash` will
        /// be used as the signal root, otherwise, `rootHash` will be used as the state root.
        bytes[] accountProof;
        /// @notice The signal service's storage proof.
        bytes[] storageProof;
    }

    /// @notice Emitted when a signal is sent.
    /// @param app The address that initiated the signal.
    /// @param signal The signal (message) that was sent.
    /// @param slot The location in storage where this signal is stored.
    /// @param value The value of the signal.
    event SignalSent(address app, bytes32 signal, bytes32 slot, bytes32 value);

    /// @notice Send a signal (message) by setting the storage slot to the same value as the signal
    /// itself.
    /// @param _signal The signal (message) to send.
    /// @return slot_ The location in storage where this signal is stored.
    function sendSignal(bytes32 _signal) external returns (bytes32 slot_);

    /// @notice Checks whether a signal has been received on the target chain and caches the result if successful.
    /// @param _chainId The identifier for the source chain from which the
    /// signal originated.
    /// @param _app The address that initiated the signal.
    /// @param _signal The signal (message) to send.
    /// @param _proof Merkle proof that the signal was persisted on the
    /// source chain. If this proof is empty, then we check if this signal has been marked as
    /// received by TaikoL2.
    /// @return numCacheOps_ The number of newly cached items.
    function proveSignalReceived(
        uint64 _chainId,
        address _app,
        bytes32 _signal,
        bytes calldata _proof
    )
        external
        returns (uint256 numCacheOps_);

    /// @notice Verifies if a signal has been received on the target chain.
    /// This is the "readonly" version of proveSignalReceived.
    /// @param _chainId The identifier for the source chain from which the
    /// signal originated.
    /// @param _app The address that initiated the signal.
    /// @param _signal The signal (message) to send.
    /// @param _proof Merkle proof that the signal was persisted on the
    /// source chain. If this proof is empty, then we check if this signal has been marked as
    /// received by TaikoL2.
    function verifySignalReceived(
        uint64 _chainId,
        address _app,
        bytes32 _signal,
        bytes calldata _proof
    )
        external
        view;

    /// @notice Verifies if a particular signal has already been sent.
    /// @param _app The address that initiated the signal.
    /// @param _signal The signal (message) that was sent.
    /// @return true if the signal has been sent, otherwise false.
    function isSignalSent(address _app, bytes32 _signal) external view returns (bool);

    /// @notice Verifies if a particular signal has already been sent.
    /// @param _signalSlot The location in storage where this signal is stored.
    function isSignalSent(bytes32 _signalSlot) external view returns (bool);
}
          

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.9.0) (proxy/ERC1967/ERC1967Upgrade.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.2;

import "../beacon/IBeacon.sol";
import "../../interfaces/IERC1967.sol";
import "../../interfaces/draft-IERC1822.sol";
import "../../utils/Address.sol";
import "../../utils/StorageSlot.sol";

/**
 * @dev This abstract contract provides getters and event emitting update functions for
 * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1967[EIP1967] slots.
 *
 * _Available since v4.1._
 */
abstract contract ERC1967Upgrade is IERC1967 {
    // This is the keccak-256 hash of "eip1967.proxy.rollback" subtracted by 1
    bytes32 private constant _ROLLBACK_SLOT = 0x4910fdfa16fed3260ed0e7147f7cc6da11a60208b5b9406d12a635614ffd9143;

    /**
     * @dev Storage slot with the address of the current implementation.
     * This is the keccak-256 hash of "eip1967.proxy.implementation" subtracted by 1, and is
     * validated in the constructor.
     */
    bytes32 internal constant _IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT = 0x360894a13ba1a3210667c828492db98dca3e2076cc3735a920a3ca505d382bbc;

    /**
     * @dev Returns the current implementation address.
     */
    function _getImplementation() internal view returns (address) {
        return StorageSlot.getAddressSlot(_IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT).value;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Stores a new address in the EIP1967 implementation slot.
     */
    function _setImplementation(address newImplementation) private {
        require(Address.isContract(newImplementation), "ERC1967: new implementation is not a contract");
        StorageSlot.getAddressSlot(_IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT).value = newImplementation;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Perform implementation upgrade
     *
     * Emits an {Upgraded} event.
     */
    function _upgradeTo(address newImplementation) internal {
        _setImplementation(newImplementation);
        emit Upgraded(newImplementation);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Perform implementation upgrade with additional setup call.
     *
     * Emits an {Upgraded} event.
     */
    function _upgradeToAndCall(address newImplementation, bytes memory data, bool forceCall) internal {
        _upgradeTo(newImplementation);
        if (data.length > 0 || forceCall) {
            Address.functionDelegateCall(newImplementation, data);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Perform implementation upgrade with security checks for UUPS proxies, and additional setup call.
     *
     * Emits an {Upgraded} event.
     */
    function _upgradeToAndCallUUPS(address newImplementation, bytes memory data, bool forceCall) internal {
        // Upgrades from old implementations will perform a rollback test. This test requires the new
        // implementation to upgrade back to the old, non-ERC1822 compliant, implementation. Removing
        // this special case will break upgrade paths from old UUPS implementation to new ones.
        if (StorageSlot.getBooleanSlot(_ROLLBACK_SLOT).value) {
            _setImplementation(newImplementation);
        } else {
            try IERC1822Proxiable(newImplementation).proxiableUUID() returns (bytes32 slot) {
                require(slot == _IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT, "ERC1967Upgrade: unsupported proxiableUUID");
            } catch {
                revert("ERC1967Upgrade: new implementation is not UUPS");
            }
            _upgradeToAndCall(newImplementation, data, forceCall);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Storage slot with the admin of the contract.
     * This is the keccak-256 hash of "eip1967.proxy.admin" subtracted by 1, and is
     * validated in the constructor.
     */
    bytes32 internal constant _ADMIN_SLOT = 0xb53127684a568b3173ae13b9f8a6016e243e63b6e8ee1178d6a717850b5d6103;

    /**
     * @dev Returns the current admin.
     */
    function _getAdmin() internal view returns (address) {
        return StorageSlot.getAddressSlot(_ADMIN_SLOT).value;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Stores a new address in the EIP1967 admin slot.
     */
    function _setAdmin(address newAdmin) private {
        require(newAdmin != address(0), "ERC1967: new admin is the zero address");
        StorageSlot.getAddressSlot(_ADMIN_SLOT).value = newAdmin;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Changes the admin of the proxy.
     *
     * Emits an {AdminChanged} event.
     */
    function _changeAdmin(address newAdmin) internal {
        emit AdminChanged(_getAdmin(), newAdmin);
        _setAdmin(newAdmin);
    }

    /**
     * @dev The storage slot of the UpgradeableBeacon contract which defines the implementation for this proxy.
     * This is bytes32(uint256(keccak256('eip1967.proxy.beacon')) - 1)) and is validated in the constructor.
     */
    bytes32 internal constant _BEACON_SLOT = 0xa3f0ad74e5423aebfd80d3ef4346578335a9a72aeaee59ff6cb3582b35133d50;

    /**
     * @dev Returns the current beacon.
     */
    function _getBeacon() internal view returns (address) {
        return StorageSlot.getAddressSlot(_BEACON_SLOT).value;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Stores a new beacon in the EIP1967 beacon slot.
     */
    function _setBeacon(address newBeacon) private {
        require(Address.isContract(newBeacon), "ERC1967: new beacon is not a contract");
        require(
            Address.isContract(IBeacon(newBeacon).implementation()),
            "ERC1967: beacon implementation is not a contract"
        );
        StorageSlot.getAddressSlot(_BEACON_SLOT).value = newBeacon;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Perform beacon upgrade with additional setup call. Note: This upgrades the address of the beacon, it does
     * not upgrade the implementation contained in the beacon (see {UpgradeableBeacon-_setImplementation} for that).
     *
     * Emits a {BeaconUpgraded} event.
     */
    function _upgradeBeaconToAndCall(address newBeacon, bytes memory data, bool forceCall) internal {
        _setBeacon(newBeacon);
        emit BeaconUpgraded(newBeacon);
        if (data.length > 0 || forceCall) {
            Address.functionDelegateCall(IBeacon(newBeacon).implementation(), data);
        }
    }
}
          

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.24;

/// @title IProposerChecker
/// @notice Interface for checking if an address is authorized to propose blocks
/// @custom:security-contact security@taiko.xyz
interface IProposerChecker {
    error InvalidProposer();

    /// @notice Checks if an address is a valid proposer
    /// @param _proposer The address to check
    /// @param _lookaheadData Encoded lookahead metadata used by preconf-aware proposer checkers.
    /// @return endOfSubmissionWindowTimestamp_ The timestamp of the last slot where the current
    /// preconfer can propose.
    /// @dev This function must revert if the address is not a valid proposer
    function checkProposer(
        address _proposer,
        bytes calldata _lookaheadData
    )
        external
        returns (uint48 endOfSubmissionWindowTimestamp_);
}
          

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.24;

import { IInbox } from "../iface/IInbox.sol";
import { LibPackUnpack as P } from "./LibPackUnpack.sol";

/// @title LibProvedEventCodec
/// @notice Compact encoder/decoder for ProvedEventPayload using LibPackUnpack.
/// @custom:security-contact security@taiko.xyz
library LibProvedEventCodec {
    /// @notice Encodes a ProvedEventPayload into bytes using compact encoding.
    function encode(IInbox.ProvedEventPayload memory _payload)
        internal
        pure
        returns (bytes memory encoded_)
    {
        IInbox.Commitment memory c = _payload.input.commitment;
        uint256 bufferSize = _calculateSize(c.transitions.length);
        encoded_ = new bytes(bufferSize);

        uint256 ptr = P.dataPtr(encoded_);

        // Encode Commitment
        ptr = P.packUint48(ptr, c.firstProposalId);
        ptr = P.packBytes32(ptr, c.firstProposalParentBlockHash);
        ptr = P.packBytes32(ptr, c.lastProposalHash);
        ptr = P.packAddress(ptr, c.actualProver);
        ptr = P.packUint48(ptr, c.endBlockNumber);
        ptr = P.packBytes32(ptr, c.endStateRoot);

        P.checkArrayLength(c.transitions.length);
        ptr = P.packUint16(ptr, uint16(c.transitions.length));
        for (uint256 i; i < c.transitions.length; ++i) {
            ptr = _encodeTransition(ptr, c.transitions[i]);
        }

        // Encode forceCheckpointSync
        P.packUint8(ptr, _payload.input.forceCheckpointSync ? 1 : 0);
    }

    /// @notice Decodes bytes into a ProvedEventPayload using compact encoding.
    function decode(bytes memory _data)
        internal
        pure
        returns (IInbox.ProvedEventPayload memory payload_)
    {
        uint256 ptr = P.dataPtr(_data);

        // Decode Commitment
        (payload_.input.commitment.firstProposalId, ptr) = P.unpackUint48(ptr);
        (payload_.input.commitment.firstProposalParentBlockHash, ptr) = P.unpackBytes32(ptr);
        (payload_.input.commitment.lastProposalHash, ptr) = P.unpackBytes32(ptr);
        (payload_.input.commitment.actualProver, ptr) = P.unpackAddress(ptr);
        (payload_.input.commitment.endBlockNumber, ptr) = P.unpackUint48(ptr);
        (payload_.input.commitment.endStateRoot, ptr) = P.unpackBytes32(ptr);

        uint16 transitionsLength;
        (transitionsLength, ptr) = P.unpackUint16(ptr);
        payload_.input.commitment.transitions = new IInbox.Transition[](transitionsLength);
        for (uint256 i; i < transitionsLength; ++i) {
            (payload_.input.commitment.transitions[i], ptr) = _decodeTransition(ptr);
        }

        // Decode forceCheckpointSync
        uint8 forceCheckpointSyncByte;
        (forceCheckpointSyncByte,) = P.unpackUint8(ptr);
        payload_.input.forceCheckpointSync = forceCheckpointSyncByte != 0;
    }

    /// @dev Calculate the exact byte size needed for encoding a ProvedEventPayload.
    /// @param _numTransitions Number of transitions in the input.
    /// @return size_ Total byte size needed.
    function _calculateSize(uint256 _numTransitions) private pure returns (uint256 size_) {
        unchecked {
            // ProveInput fixed fields:
            //   firstProposalId: 6 bytes
            //   firstProposalParentBlockHash: 32 bytes
            //   lastProposalHash: 32 bytes
            //   actualProver: 20 bytes
            //   endBlockNumber: 6 bytes
            //   endStateRoot: 32 bytes
            //   transitions array length: 2 bytes
            //   forceCheckpointSync: 1 byte
            // Total ProveInput fixed: 131 bytes
            //
            // Per Transition:
            //   proposer: 20 bytes
            //   designatedProver: 20 bytes
            //   timestamp: 6 bytes
            //   blockHash: 32 bytes
            // Total per transition: 78 bytes
            //
            // Total = 131 + (numTransitions * 78)
            size_ = 131 + (_numTransitions * 78);
        }
    }

    function _encodeTransition(
        uint256 _ptr,
        IInbox.Transition memory _transition
    )
        private
        pure
        returns (uint256 newPtr_)
    {
        newPtr_ = P.packAddress(_ptr, _transition.proposer);
        newPtr_ = P.packAddress(newPtr_, _transition.designatedProver);
        newPtr_ = P.packUint48(newPtr_, _transition.timestamp);
        newPtr_ = P.packBytes32(newPtr_, _transition.blockHash);
    }

    function _decodeTransition(uint256 _ptr)
        private
        pure
        returns (IInbox.Transition memory transition_, uint256 newPtr_)
    {
        (transition_.proposer, newPtr_) = P.unpackAddress(_ptr);
        (transition_.designatedProver, newPtr_) = P.unpackAddress(newPtr_);
        (transition_.timestamp, newPtr_) = P.unpackUint48(newPtr_);
        (transition_.blockHash, newPtr_) = P.unpackBytes32(newPtr_);
    }
}
          

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (proxy/beacon/IBeacon.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev This is the interface that {BeaconProxy} expects of its beacon.
 */
interface IBeacon {
    /**
     * @dev Must return an address that can be used as a delegate call target.
     *
     * {BeaconProxy} will check that this address is a contract.
     */
    function implementation() external view returns (address);
}
          

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.9.4) (utils/Context.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
import {Initializable} from "../proxy/utils/Initializable.sol";

/**
 * @dev Provides information about the current execution context, including the
 * sender of the transaction and its data. While these are generally available
 * via msg.sender and msg.data, they should not be accessed in such a direct
 * manner, since when dealing with meta-transactions the account sending and
 * paying for execution may not be the actual sender (as far as an application
 * is concerned).
 *
 * This contract is only required for intermediate, library-like contracts.
 */
abstract contract ContextUpgradeable is Initializable {
    function __Context_init() internal onlyInitializing {
    }

    function __Context_init_unchained() internal onlyInitializing {
    }
    function _msgSender() internal view virtual returns (address) {
        return msg.sender;
    }

    function _msgData() internal view virtual returns (bytes calldata) {
        return msg.data;
    }

    function _contextSuffixLength() internal view virtual returns (uint256) {
        return 0;
    }

    /**
     * @dev This empty reserved space is put in place to allow future versions to add new
     * variables without shifting down storage in the inheritance chain.
     * See https://docs.openzeppelin.com/contracts/4.x/upgradeable#storage_gaps
     */
    uint256[50] private __gap;
}
          

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.9.0) (proxy/utils/Initializable.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.2;

import "../../utils/AddressUpgradeable.sol";

/**
 * @dev This is a base contract to aid in writing upgradeable contracts, or any kind of contract that will be deployed
 * behind a proxy. Since proxied contracts do not make use of a constructor, it's common to move constructor logic to an
 * external initializer function, usually called `initialize`. It then becomes necessary to protect this initializer
 * function so it can only be called once. The {initializer} modifier provided by this contract will have this effect.
 *
 * The initialization functions use a version number. Once a version number is used, it is consumed and cannot be
 * reused. This mechanism prevents re-execution of each "step" but allows the creation of new initialization steps in
 * case an upgrade adds a module that needs to be initialized.
 *
 * For example:
 *
 * [.hljs-theme-light.nopadding]
 * ```solidity
 * contract MyToken is ERC20Upgradeable {
 *     function initialize() initializer public {
 *         __ERC20_init("MyToken", "MTK");
 *     }
 * }
 *
 * contract MyTokenV2 is MyToken, ERC20PermitUpgradeable {
 *     function initializeV2() reinitializer(2) public {
 *         __ERC20Permit_init("MyToken");
 *     }
 * }
 * ```
 *
 * TIP: To avoid leaving the proxy in an uninitialized state, the initializer function should be called as early as
 * possible by providing the encoded function call as the `_data` argument to {ERC1967Proxy-constructor}.
 *
 * CAUTION: When used with inheritance, manual care must be taken to not invoke a parent initializer twice, or to ensure
 * that all initializers are idempotent. This is not verified automatically as constructors are by Solidity.
 *
 * [CAUTION]
 * ====
 * Avoid leaving a contract uninitialized.
 *
 * An uninitialized contract can be taken over by an attacker. This applies to both a proxy and its implementation
 * contract, which may impact the proxy. To prevent the implementation contract from being used, you should invoke
 * the {_disableInitializers} function in the constructor to automatically lock it when it is deployed:
 *
 * [.hljs-theme-light.nopadding]
 * ```
 * /// @custom:oz-upgrades-unsafe-allow constructor
 * constructor() {
 *     _disableInitializers();
 * }
 * ```
 * ====
 */
abstract contract Initializable {
    /**
     * @dev Indicates that the contract has been initialized.
     * @custom:oz-retyped-from bool
     */
    uint8 private _initialized;

    /**
     * @dev Indicates that the contract is in the process of being initialized.
     */
    bool private _initializing;

    /**
     * @dev Triggered when the contract has been initialized or reinitialized.
     */
    event Initialized(uint8 version);

    /**
     * @dev A modifier that defines a protected initializer function that can be invoked at most once. In its scope,
     * `onlyInitializing` functions can be used to initialize parent contracts.
     *
     * Similar to `reinitializer(1)`, except that functions marked with `initializer` can be nested in the context of a
     * constructor.
     *
     * Emits an {Initialized} event.
     */
    modifier initializer() {
        bool isTopLevelCall = !_initializing;
        require(
            (isTopLevelCall && _initialized < 1) || (!AddressUpgradeable.isContract(address(this)) && _initialized == 1),
            "Initializable: contract is already initialized"
        );
        _initialized = 1;
        if (isTopLevelCall) {
            _initializing = true;
        }
        _;
        if (isTopLevelCall) {
            _initializing = false;
            emit Initialized(1);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev A modifier that defines a protected reinitializer function that can be invoked at most once, and only if the
     * contract hasn't been initialized to a greater version before. In its scope, `onlyInitializing` functions can be
     * used to initialize parent contracts.
     *
     * A reinitializer may be used after the original initialization step. This is essential to configure modules that
     * are added through upgrades and that require initialization.
     *
     * When `version` is 1, this modifier is similar to `initializer`, except that functions marked with `reinitializer`
     * cannot be nested. If one is invoked in the context of another, execution will revert.
     *
     * Note that versions can jump in increments greater than 1; this implies that if multiple reinitializers coexist in
     * a contract, executing them in the right order is up to the developer or operator.
     *
     * WARNING: setting the version to 255 will prevent any future reinitialization.
     *
     * Emits an {Initialized} event.
     */
    modifier reinitializer(uint8 version) {
        require(!_initializing && _initialized < version, "Initializable: contract is already initialized");
        _initialized = version;
        _initializing = true;
        _;
        _initializing = false;
        emit Initialized(version);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Modifier to protect an initialization function so that it can only be invoked by functions with the
     * {initializer} and {reinitializer} modifiers, directly or indirectly.
     */
    modifier onlyInitializing() {
        require(_initializing, "Initializable: contract is not initializing");
        _;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Locks the contract, preventing any future reinitialization. This cannot be part of an initializer call.
     * Calling this in the constructor of a contract will prevent that contract from being initialized or reinitialized
     * to any version. It is recommended to use this to lock implementation contracts that are designed to be called
     * through proxies.
     *
     * Emits an {Initialized} event the first time it is successfully executed.
     */
    function _disableInitializers() internal virtual {
        require(!_initializing, "Initializable: contract is initializing");
        if (_initialized != type(uint8).max) {
            _initialized = type(uint8).max;
            emit Initialized(type(uint8).max);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the highest version that has been initialized. See {reinitializer}.
     */
    function _getInitializedVersion() internal view returns (uint8) {
        return _initialized;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns `true` if the contract is currently initializing. See {onlyInitializing}.
     */
    function _isInitializing() internal view returns (bool) {
        return _initializing;
    }
}
          

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.24;

/// @title DevnetInboxLayout
/// @notice Storage layout documentation for DevnetInbox
/// @dev This file is auto-generated by gen-layouts.sh. DO NOT EDIT MANUALLY.
/// @custom:security-contact security@taiko.xyz

// solhint-disable max-line-length
//   _initialized                   | uint8                                              | Slot: 0    | Offset: 0    | Bytes: 1   
//   _initializing                  | bool                                               | Slot: 0    | Offset: 1    | Bytes: 1   
//   __gap                          | uint256[50]                                        | Slot: 1    | Offset: 0    | Bytes: 1600
//   _owner                         | address                                            | Slot: 51   | Offset: 0    | Bytes: 20  
//   __gap                          | uint256[49]                                        | Slot: 52   | Offset: 0    | Bytes: 1568
//   _pendingOwner                  | address                                            | Slot: 101  | Offset: 0    | Bytes: 20  
//   __gap                          | uint256[49]                                        | Slot: 102  | Offset: 0    | Bytes: 1568
//   __gapFromOldAddressResolver    | uint256[50]                                        | Slot: 151  | Offset: 0    | Bytes: 1600
//   __reentry                      | uint8                                              | Slot: 201  | Offset: 0    | Bytes: 1   
//   __paused                       | uint8                                              | Slot: 201  | Offset: 1    | Bytes: 1   
//   __gap                          | uint256[49]                                        | Slot: 202  | Offset: 0    | Bytes: 1568
//   activationTimestamp            | uint48                                             | Slot: 251  | Offset: 0    | Bytes: 6   
//   _coreState                     | struct IInbox.CoreState                            | Slot: 252  | Offset: 0    | Bytes: 64  
//   _proposalHashes                | mapping(uint256 => bytes32)                        | Slot: 254  | Offset: 0    | Bytes: 32  
//   _forcedInclusionStorage        | struct LibForcedInclusion.Storage                  | Slot: 255  | Offset: 0    | Bytes: 64  
//   __gap                          | uint256[44]                                        | Slot: 257  | Offset: 0    | Bytes: 1408
          

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.24;

import { IInbox } from "../iface/IInbox.sol";
import { EfficientHashLib } from "solady/src/utils/EfficientHashLib.sol";

/// @title LibHashOptimized
/// @notice Optimized hashing functions using Solady's EfficientHashLib
/// @dev This library provides gas-optimized implementations of all hashing functions
///      used in the Inbox contract, replacing standard keccak256(abi.encode(...)) calls
///      with more efficient alternatives from Solady's EfficientHashLib.
/// @custom:security-contact security@taiko.xyz
library LibHashOptimized {
    // ---------------------------------------------------------------
    // Core Structure Hashing Functions
    // ---------------------------------------------------------------

    /// @notice Optimized hashing for Derivation structs
    /// @dev Manually constructs the ABI-encoded layout to avoid nested abi.encode calls
    /// @param _derivation The derivation to hash
    /// @return The hash of the derivation
    function hashDerivation(IInbox.Derivation memory _derivation) internal pure returns (bytes32) {
        unchecked {
            IInbox.DerivationSource[] memory sources = _derivation.sources;
            uint256 sourcesLength = sources.length;

            // Base words:
            // [0] offset to tuple head (0x20)
            // [1] originBlockNumber
            // [2] originBlockHash
            // [3] basefeeSharingPctg
            // [4] offset to sources (0x80)
            // [5] sources length
            uint256 totalWords = 6 + sourcesLength;

            // Each source contributes: element head (2) + blobSlice head (3) + blobHashes
            // length (1) + blobHashes entries
            for (uint256 i; i < sourcesLength; ++i) {
                totalWords += 6 + sources[i].blobSlice.blobHashes.length;
            }

            bytes32[] memory buffer = EfficientHashLib.malloc(totalWords);

            EfficientHashLib.set(buffer, 0, bytes32(uint256(0x20)));
            EfficientHashLib.set(buffer, 1, bytes32(uint256(_derivation.originBlockNumber)));
            EfficientHashLib.set(buffer, 2, _derivation.originBlockHash);
            EfficientHashLib.set(buffer, 3, bytes32(uint256(_derivation.basefeeSharingPctg)));
            EfficientHashLib.set(buffer, 4, bytes32(uint256(0x80)));
            EfficientHashLib.set(buffer, 5, bytes32(sourcesLength));

            uint256 offsetsBase = 6;
            uint256 dataCursor = offsetsBase + sourcesLength;

            for (uint256 i; i < sourcesLength; ++i) {
                IInbox.DerivationSource memory source = sources[i];
                EfficientHashLib.set(
                    buffer, offsetsBase + i, bytes32((dataCursor - offsetsBase) << 5)
                );

                // DerivationSource head
                EfficientHashLib.set(
                    buffer, dataCursor, bytes32(uint256(source.isForcedInclusion ? 1 : 0))
                );
                EfficientHashLib.set(buffer, dataCursor + 1, bytes32(uint256(0x40)));

                // BlobSlice head
                uint256 blobSliceBase = dataCursor + 2;
                EfficientHashLib.set(buffer, blobSliceBase, bytes32(uint256(0x60)));
                EfficientHashLib.set(
                    buffer, blobSliceBase + 1, bytes32(uint256(source.blobSlice.offset))
                );
                EfficientHashLib.set(
                    buffer, blobSliceBase + 2, bytes32(uint256(source.blobSlice.timestamp))
                );

                // Blob hashes array
                bytes32[] memory blobHashes = source.blobSlice.blobHashes;
                uint256 blobHashesLength = blobHashes.length;
                uint256 blobHashesBase = blobSliceBase + 3;
                EfficientHashLib.set(buffer, blobHashesBase, bytes32(blobHashesLength));

                for (uint256 j; j < blobHashesLength; ++j) {
                    EfficientHashLib.set(buffer, blobHashesBase + 1 + j, blobHashes[j]);
                }

                dataCursor = blobHashesBase + 1 + blobHashesLength;
            }

            bytes32 result = EfficientHashLib.hash(buffer);
            EfficientHashLib.free(buffer);
            return result;
        }
    }

    /// @notice Optimized hashing for Proposal structs
    /// @dev Uses efficient multi-field hashing for all proposal fields
    /// @param _proposal The proposal to hash
    /// @return The hash of the proposal
    function hashProposal(IInbox.Proposal memory _proposal) internal pure returns (bytes32) {
        bytes32[] memory buffer = EfficientHashLib.malloc(6);

        EfficientHashLib.set(buffer, 0, bytes32(uint256(_proposal.id)));
        EfficientHashLib.set(buffer, 1, bytes32(uint256(_proposal.timestamp)));
        EfficientHashLib.set(buffer, 2, bytes32(uint256(_proposal.endOfSubmissionWindowTimestamp)));
        EfficientHashLib.set(buffer, 3, bytes32(uint256(uint160(_proposal.proposer))));
        EfficientHashLib.set(buffer, 4, _proposal.parentProposalHash);
        EfficientHashLib.set(buffer, 5, _proposal.derivationHash);

        bytes32 result = EfficientHashLib.hash(buffer);
        EfficientHashLib.free(buffer);
        return result;
    }

    /// @notice Optimized hashing for commitment data.
    /// @param _commitment The commitment data to hash.
    /// @return The hash of the commitment.
    function hashCommitment(IInbox.Commitment memory _commitment) internal pure returns (bytes32) {
        unchecked {
            IInbox.Transition[] memory transitions = _commitment.transitions;
            uint256 transitionsLength = transitions.length;

            // Commitment layout (abi.encode):
            // [0] offset to commitment (0x20)
            //
            // Commitment static section (starts at word 1):
            // [1] firstProposalId
            // [2] firstProposalParentBlockHash
            // [3] lastProposalHash
            // [4] actualProver
            // [5] endBlockNumber
            // [6] endStateRoot
            // [7] offset to transitions (0xe0)
            //
            // Transitions array (starts at word 8):
            // [8] length
            // [9...] transition elements (4 words each)
            uint256 totalWords = 9 + transitionsLength * 4;

            bytes32[] memory buffer = EfficientHashLib.malloc(totalWords);

            // Top-level head
            EfficientHashLib.set(buffer, 0, bytes32(uint256(0x20)));

            // Commitment static fields
            EfficientHashLib.set(buffer, 1, bytes32(uint256(_commitment.firstProposalId)));
            EfficientHashLib.set(buffer, 2, _commitment.firstProposalParentBlockHash);
            EfficientHashLib.set(buffer, 3, _commitment.lastProposalHash);
            EfficientHashLib.set(buffer, 4, bytes32(uint256(uint160(_commitment.actualProver))));
            EfficientHashLib.set(buffer, 5, bytes32(uint256(_commitment.endBlockNumber)));
            EfficientHashLib.set(buffer, 6, _commitment.endStateRoot);
            EfficientHashLib.set(buffer, 7, bytes32(uint256(0xe0)));

            // Transitions array
            EfficientHashLib.set(buffer, 8, bytes32(transitionsLength));

            uint256 base = 9;
            for (uint256 i; i < transitionsLength; ++i) {
                IInbox.Transition memory transition = transitions[i];
                EfficientHashLib.set(buffer, base, bytes32(uint256(uint160(transition.proposer))));
                EfficientHashLib.set(
                    buffer, base + 1, bytes32(uint256(uint160(transition.designatedProver)))
                );
                EfficientHashLib.set(buffer, base + 2, bytes32(uint256(transition.timestamp)));
                EfficientHashLib.set(buffer, base + 3, transition.blockHash);
                base += 4;
            }

            bytes32 result = EfficientHashLib.hash(buffer);
            EfficientHashLib.free(buffer);
            return result;
        }
    }
}
          

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.24;

/// @title LibFasterReentryLock
/// @custom:security-contact security@taiko.xyz
library LibFasterReentryLock {
    /// @dev The slot in transient storage of the reentry lock.
    /// This is the result of keccak256("ownerUUPS.reentry_slot") plus 1. The addition aims to
    /// prevent hash collisions with slots defined in EIP-1967, where slots are derived by
    /// keccak256("something") - 1, and with slots in SignalService, calculated directly with
    /// keccak256("something").
    bytes32 private constant _REENTRY_SLOT =
        0xa5054f728453d3dbe953bdc43e4d0cb97e662ea32d7958190f3dc2da31d9721b;

    function storeReentryLock(uint8 _reentry) internal {
        assembly {
            tstore(_REENTRY_SLOT, _reentry)
        }
    }

    function loadReentryLock() internal view returns (uint8 reentry_) {
        assembly {
            reentry_ := tload(_REENTRY_SLOT)
        }
    }
}
          

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.9.0) (utils/Address.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.1;

/**
 * @dev Collection of functions related to the address type
 */
library AddressUpgradeable {
    /**
     * @dev Returns true if `account` is a contract.
     *
     * [IMPORTANT]
     * ====
     * It is unsafe to assume that an address for which this function returns
     * false is an externally-owned account (EOA) and not a contract.
     *
     * Among others, `isContract` will return false for the following
     * types of addresses:
     *
     *  - an externally-owned account
     *  - a contract in construction
     *  - an address where a contract will be created
     *  - an address where a contract lived, but was destroyed
     *
     * Furthermore, `isContract` will also return true if the target contract within
     * the same transaction is already scheduled for destruction by `SELFDESTRUCT`,
     * which only has an effect at the end of a transaction.
     * ====
     *
     * [IMPORTANT]
     * ====
     * You shouldn't rely on `isContract` to protect against flash loan attacks!
     *
     * Preventing calls from contracts is highly discouraged. It breaks composability, breaks support for smart wallets
     * like Gnosis Safe, and does not provide security since it can be circumvented by calling from a contract
     * constructor.
     * ====
     */
    function isContract(address account) internal view returns (bool) {
        // This method relies on extcodesize/address.code.length, which returns 0
        // for contracts in construction, since the code is only stored at the end
        // of the constructor execution.

        return account.code.length > 0;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Replacement for Solidity's `transfer`: sends `amount` wei to
     * `recipient`, forwarding all available gas and reverting on errors.
     *
     * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1884[EIP1884] increases the gas cost
     * of certain opcodes, possibly making contracts go over the 2300 gas limit
     * imposed by `transfer`, making them unable to receive funds via
     * `transfer`. {sendValue} removes this limitation.
     *
     * https://consensys.net/diligence/blog/2019/09/stop-using-soliditys-transfer-now/[Learn more].
     *
     * IMPORTANT: because control is transferred to `recipient`, care must be
     * taken to not create reentrancy vulnerabilities. Consider using
     * {ReentrancyGuard} or the
     * https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/v0.8.0/security-considerations.html#use-the-checks-effects-interactions-pattern[checks-effects-interactions pattern].
     */
    function sendValue(address payable recipient, uint256 amount) internal {
        require(address(this).balance >= amount, "Address: insufficient balance");

        (bool success, ) = recipient.call{value: amount}("");
        require(success, "Address: unable to send value, recipient may have reverted");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Performs a Solidity function call using a low level `call`. A
     * plain `call` is an unsafe replacement for a function call: use this
     * function instead.
     *
     * If `target` reverts with a revert reason, it is bubbled up by this
     * function (like regular Solidity function calls).
     *
     * Returns the raw returned data. To convert to the expected return value,
     * use https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/latest/units-and-global-variables.html?highlight=abi.decode#abi-encoding-and-decoding-functions[`abi.decode`].
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `target` must be a contract.
     * - calling `target` with `data` must not revert.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionCallWithValue(target, data, 0, "Address: low-level call failed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`], but with
     * `errorMessage` as a fallback revert reason when `target` reverts.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCall(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionCallWithValue(target, data, 0, errorMessage);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
     * but also transferring `value` wei to `target`.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - the calling contract must have an ETH balance of at least `value`.
     * - the called Solidity function must be `payable`.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCallWithValue(address target, bytes memory data, uint256 value) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionCallWithValue(target, data, value, "Address: low-level call with value failed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCallWithValue-address-bytes-uint256-}[`functionCallWithValue`], but
     * with `errorMessage` as a fallback revert reason when `target` reverts.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCallWithValue(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        uint256 value,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        require(address(this).balance >= value, "Address: insufficient balance for call");
        (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.call{value: value}(data);
        return verifyCallResultFromTarget(target, success, returndata, errorMessage);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a static call.
     *
     * _Available since v3.3._
     */
    function functionStaticCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionStaticCall(target, data, "Address: low-level static call failed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-string-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a static call.
     *
     * _Available since v3.3._
     */
    function functionStaticCall(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
        (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.staticcall(data);
        return verifyCallResultFromTarget(target, success, returndata, errorMessage);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a delegate call.
     *
     * _Available since v3.4._
     */
    function functionDelegateCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionDelegateCall(target, data, "Address: low-level delegate call failed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-string-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a delegate call.
     *
     * _Available since v3.4._
     */
    function functionDelegateCall(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.delegatecall(data);
        return verifyCallResultFromTarget(target, success, returndata, errorMessage);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Tool to verify that a low level call to smart-contract was successful, and revert (either by bubbling
     * the revert reason or using the provided one) in case of unsuccessful call or if target was not a contract.
     *
     * _Available since v4.8._
     */
    function verifyCallResultFromTarget(
        address target,
        bool success,
        bytes memory returndata,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
        if (success) {
            if (returndata.length == 0) {
                // only check isContract if the call was successful and the return data is empty
                // otherwise we already know that it was a contract
                require(isContract(target), "Address: call to non-contract");
            }
            return returndata;
        } else {
            _revert(returndata, errorMessage);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Tool to verify that a low level call was successful, and revert if it wasn't, either by bubbling the
     * revert reason or using the provided one.
     *
     * _Available since v4.3._
     */
    function verifyCallResult(
        bool success,
        bytes memory returndata,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal pure returns (bytes memory) {
        if (success) {
            return returndata;
        } else {
            _revert(returndata, errorMessage);
        }
    }

    function _revert(bytes memory returndata, string memory errorMessage) private pure {
        // Look for revert reason and bubble it up if present
        if (returndata.length > 0) {
            // The easiest way to bubble the revert reason is using memory via assembly
            /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
            assembly {
                let returndata_size := mload(returndata)
                revert(add(32, returndata), returndata_size)
            }
        } else {
            revert(errorMessage);
        }
    }
}
          

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.5.0) (interfaces/draft-IERC1822.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev ERC1822: Universal Upgradeable Proxy Standard (UUPS) documents a method for upgradeability through a simplified
 * proxy whose upgrades are fully controlled by the current implementation.
 */
interface IERC1822Proxiable {
    /**
     * @dev Returns the storage slot that the proxiable contract assumes is being used to store the implementation
     * address.
     *
     * IMPORTANT: A proxy pointing at a proxiable contract should not be considered proxiable itself, because this risks
     * bricking a proxy that upgrades to it, by delegating to itself until out of gas. Thus it is critical that this
     * function revert if invoked through a proxy.
     */
    function proxiableUUID() external view returns (bytes32);
}
          

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.24;

import { LibBlobs } from "../libs/LibBlobs.sol";
import { LibBonds } from "src/shared/libs/LibBonds.sol";

/// @title IInbox
/// @notice Interface for the Shasta inbox contracts
/// @custom:security-contact security@taiko.xyz
interface IInbox {
    /// @notice Configuration struct for Inbox constructor parameters
    struct Config {
        /// @notice The codec used for encoding and hashing
        address codec;
        /// @notice The proof verifier contract
        address proofVerifier;
        /// @notice The proposer checker contract
        address proposerChecker;
        /// @notice The prover whitelist contract (address(0) means no whitelist)
        address proverWhitelist;
        /// @notice The signal service contract address
        address signalService;
        /// @notice The proving window in seconds
        uint48 provingWindow;
        /// @notice Maximum delay allowed between consecutive proofs to still be on time.
        /// @dev Must be shorter than the expected proposal cadence to prevent backlog growth.
        uint48 maxProofSubmissionDelay;
        /// @notice The ring buffer size for storing proposal hashes
        uint256 ringBufferSize;
        /// @notice The percentage of basefee paid to coinbase
        uint8 basefeeSharingPctg;
        /// @notice The minimum number of forced inclusions that the proposer is forced to process
        /// if they are due
        uint256 minForcedInclusionCount;
        /// @notice The delay for forced inclusions measured in seconds
        uint16 forcedInclusionDelay;
        /// @notice The base fee for forced inclusions in Gwei used in dynamic fee calculation
        uint64 forcedInclusionFeeInGwei;
        /// @notice Queue size at which the fee doubles
        uint64 forcedInclusionFeeDoubleThreshold;
        /// @notice The minimum delay between checkpoints in seconds
        /// @dev Must be less than or equal to finalization grace period
        uint16 minCheckpointDelay;
        /// @notice The multiplier to determine when a forced inclusion is too old so that proposing
        /// becomes permissionless
        uint8 permissionlessInclusionMultiplier;
    }

    /// @notice Represents a source of derivation data within a Derivation
    struct DerivationSource {
        /// @notice Whether this source is from a forced inclusion.
        bool isForcedInclusion;
        /// @notice Blobs that contain the source's manifest data.
        LibBlobs.BlobSlice blobSlice;
    }

    /// @notice Contains derivation data for a proposal that is not needed during proving.
    /// @dev This data is hashed and stored in the Proposal struct to reduce calldata size.
    struct Derivation {
        /// @notice The L1 block number when the proposal was accepted.
        uint48 originBlockNumber;
        /// @notice The hash of the origin block.
        bytes32 originBlockHash;
        /// @notice The percentage of base fee paid to coinbase.
        uint8 basefeeSharingPctg;
        /// @notice Array of derivation sources, where each can be regular or forced inclusion.
        DerivationSource[] sources;
    }

    /// @notice Represents a proposal for L2 blocks.
    struct Proposal {
        /// @notice Unique identifier for the proposal.
        uint48 id;
        /// @notice The L1 block timestamp when the proposal was accepted.
        uint48 timestamp;
        /// @notice The timestamp of the last slot where the current preconfer can propose.
        uint48 endOfSubmissionWindowTimestamp;
        /// @notice Address of the proposer.
        address proposer;
        /// @notice Hash of the parent proposal (zero for genesis).
        bytes32 parentProposalHash;
        /// @notice Hash of the Derivation struct containing additional proposal data.
        bytes32 derivationHash;
    }

    /// @notice Represents the core state of the inbox.
    /// @dev All 5 uint48 fields (30 bytes) pack into a single storage slot.
    struct CoreState {
        /// @notice The next proposal ID to be assigned.
        uint48 nextProposalId;
        /// @notice The last L1 block ID where a proposal was made.
        uint48 lastProposalBlockId;
        /// @notice The ID of the last finalized proposal.
        uint48 lastFinalizedProposalId;
        /// @notice The timestamp when the last proposal was finalized.
        uint48 lastFinalizedTimestamp;
        /// @notice The timestamp when the last checkpoint was saved.
        /// @dev In genesis block, this is set to 0 to allow the first checkpoint to be saved.
        uint48 lastCheckpointTimestamp;
        /// @notice The block hash of the last finalized proposal.
        bytes32 lastFinalizedBlockHash;
    }

    /// @notice Input data for the propose function
    struct ProposeInput {
        /// @notice The deadline timestamp for transaction inclusion (0 = no deadline).
        uint48 deadline;
        /// @notice Blob reference for proposal data.
        LibBlobs.BlobReference blobReference;
        /// @notice The number of forced inclusions that the proposer wants to process.
        /// @dev This can be set to 0 if no forced inclusions are due, and there's none in the queue
        /// that he wants to include.
        uint8 numForcedInclusions;
    }

    /// @notice Transition data for a proposal used in prove
    struct Transition {
        /// @notice Address of the proposer.
        address proposer;
        /// @notice Address of the designated prover.
        address designatedProver;
        /// @notice Timestamp of the proposal.
        uint48 timestamp;
        /// @notice end block hash for the proposal.
        bytes32 blockHash;
    }

    /// @notice Commitment data that the prover commits to when submitting a proof.
    struct Commitment {
        /// @notice The ID of the first proposal being proven.
        uint48 firstProposalId;
        /// @notice The checkpoint hash of the parent of the first proposal, this is used
        /// to verify checkpoint continuity in the proof.
        bytes32 firstProposalParentBlockHash;
        /// @notice The hash of the last proposal being proven.
        bytes32 lastProposalHash;
        /// @notice The actual prover who generated the proof.
        address actualProver;
        /// @notice The block number for the end L2 block in this proposal.
        uint48 endBlockNumber;
        /// @notice The state root for the end L2 block in this proposal.
        bytes32 endStateRoot;
        /// @notice Array of transitions for each proposal in the proof range.
        Transition[] transitions;
    }

    /// @notice Input data for the prove function.
    /// @dev This struct contains two categories of data:
    ///      1. Commitment data - What the prover is actually proving. This must be fully
    ///         determined before proof generation and is the only input to the prover's
    ///         guest program.
    ///      2. Usage options - Parameters that can be decided after proof generation
    ///         (e.g., whether to proactively write a checkpoint). The prover system can
    ///         choose or adjust these options using additional data during or after
    ///         proof generation.
    struct ProveInput {
        /// @notice The commitment data that the proof verifies.
        Commitment commitment;
        /// @notice Whether to force syncing the last checkpoint even if the minimum
        /// delay has not passed.
        /// @dev This allows checkpoint synchronization ahead of schedule.
        bool forceCheckpointSync;
    }

    /// @notice Payload data emitted in the Proposed event
    struct ProposedEventPayload {
        /// @notice The proposal that was created.
        Proposal proposal;
        /// @notice The derivation data for the proposal.
        Derivation derivation;
    }

    /// @notice Payload data emitted in the Proved event
    struct ProvedEventPayload {
        ProveInput input;
    }

    // ---------------------------------------------------------------
    // Events
    // ---------------------------------------------------------------

    /// @notice Emitted when a new proposal is proposed.
    /// @param data The encoded ProposedEventPayload
    event Proposed(bytes data);

    /// @notice Emitted when a proof is submitted
    /// @param data The encoded ProvedEventPayload
    event Proved(bytes data);

    /// @notice Emitted when a bond instruction is signaled to L2
    /// @param proposalId The proposal ID that triggered the bond instruction
    /// @param bondInstruction The encoded bond instruction
    event BondInstructionCreated(
        uint48 indexed proposalId, LibBonds.BondInstruction bondInstruction
    );

    // ---------------------------------------------------------------
    // External Transactional Functions
    // ---------------------------------------------------------------

    /// @notice Proposes new L2 blocks and forced inclusions to the rollup using blobs for DA.
    /// @param _lookahead Encoded data forwarded to the proposer checker (i.e. lookahead payloads).
    /// @param _data The encoded ProposeInput struct.
    function propose(bytes calldata _lookahead, bytes calldata _data) external;

    /// @notice Verifies a batch proof covering multiple consecutive proposals and finalizes them.
    /// @param _data The encoded ProveInput struct.
    /// @param _proof The validity proof for the batch of proposals.
    function prove(bytes calldata _data, bytes calldata _proof) external;

    // ---------------------------------------------------------------
    // External View Functions
    // ---------------------------------------------------------------

    /// @notice Returns the configuration parameters of the Inbox contract
    /// @return config_ The configuration struct containing all immutable parameters
    function getConfig() external view returns (Config memory config_);

    /// @notice Returns the current core state.
    /// @return The core state struct.
    function getCoreState() external view returns (CoreState memory);

    /// @notice Returns the proposal hash for a given proposal ID.
    /// @param _proposalId The proposal ID to look up.
    /// @return proposalHash_ The hash stored at the proposal's ring buffer slot.
    function getProposalHash(uint256 _proposalId) external view returns (bytes32 proposalHash_);
}
          

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.4;

/// @notice Library for efficiently performing keccak256 hashes.
/// @author Solady (https://github.com/vectorized/solady/blob/main/src/utils/EfficientHashLib.sol)
/// @dev To avoid stack-too-deep, you can use:
/// ```
/// bytes32[] memory buffer = EfficientHashLib.malloc(10);
/// EfficientHashLib.set(buffer, 0, value0);
/// ..
/// EfficientHashLib.set(buffer, 9, value9);
/// bytes32 finalHash = EfficientHashLib.hash(buffer);
/// ```
library EfficientHashLib {
    /*´:°•.°+.*•´.*:˚.°*.˚•´.°:°•.°•.*•´.*:˚.°*.˚•´.°:°•.°+.*•´.*:*/
    /*               MALLOC-LESS HASHING OPERATIONS               */
    /*.•°:°.´+˚.*°.˚:*.´•*.+°.•°:´*.´•*.•°.•°:°.´:•˚°.*°.˚:*.´+°.•*/

    /// @dev Returns `keccak256(abi.encode(v0))`.
    function hash(bytes32 v0) internal pure returns (bytes32 result) {
        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
        assembly {
            mstore(0x00, v0)
            result := keccak256(0x00, 0x20)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Returns `keccak256(abi.encode(v0))`.
    function hash(uint256 v0) internal pure returns (bytes32 result) {
        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
        assembly {
            mstore(0x00, v0)
            result := keccak256(0x00, 0x20)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Returns `keccak256(abi.encode(v0, v1))`.
    function hash(bytes32 v0, bytes32 v1) internal pure returns (bytes32 result) {
        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
        assembly {
            mstore(0x00, v0)
            mstore(0x20, v1)
            result := keccak256(0x00, 0x40)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Returns `keccak256(abi.encode(v0, v1))`.
    function hash(uint256 v0, uint256 v1) internal pure returns (bytes32 result) {
        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
        assembly {
            mstore(0x00, v0)
            mstore(0x20, v1)
            result := keccak256(0x00, 0x40)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Returns `keccak256(abi.encode(v0, v1, v2))`.
    function hash(bytes32 v0, bytes32 v1, bytes32 v2) internal pure returns (bytes32 result) {
        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
        assembly {
            let m := mload(0x40)
            mstore(m, v0)
            mstore(add(m, 0x20), v1)
            mstore(add(m, 0x40), v2)
            result := keccak256(m, 0x60)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Returns `keccak256(abi.encode(v0, v1, v2))`.
    function hash(uint256 v0, uint256 v1, uint256 v2) internal pure returns (bytes32 result) {
        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
        assembly {
            let m := mload(0x40)
            mstore(m, v0)
            mstore(add(m, 0x20), v1)
            mstore(add(m, 0x40), v2)
            result := keccak256(m, 0x60)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Returns `keccak256(abi.encode(v0, v1, v2, v3))`.
    function hash(bytes32 v0, bytes32 v1, bytes32 v2, bytes32 v3)
        internal
        pure
        returns (bytes32 result)
    {
        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
        assembly {
            let m := mload(0x40)
            mstore(m, v0)
            mstore(add(m, 0x20), v1)
            mstore(add(m, 0x40), v2)
            mstore(add(m, 0x60), v3)
            result := keccak256(m, 0x80)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Returns `keccak256(abi.encode(v0, v1, v2, v3))`.
    function hash(uint256 v0, uint256 v1, uint256 v2, uint256 v3)
        internal
        pure
        returns (bytes32 result)
    {
        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
        assembly {
            let m := mload(0x40)
            mstore(m, v0)
            mstore(add(m, 0x20), v1)
            mstore(add(m, 0x40), v2)
            mstore(add(m, 0x60), v3)
            result := keccak256(m, 0x80)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Returns `keccak256(abi.encode(v0, .., v4))`.
    function hash(bytes32 v0, bytes32 v1, bytes32 v2, bytes32 v3, bytes32 v4)
        internal
        pure
        returns (bytes32 result)
    {
        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
        assembly {
            let m := mload(0x40)
            mstore(m, v0)
            mstore(add(m, 0x20), v1)
            mstore(add(m, 0x40), v2)
            mstore(add(m, 0x60), v3)
            mstore(add(m, 0x80), v4)
            result := keccak256(m, 0xa0)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Returns `keccak256(abi.encode(v0, .., v4))`.
    function hash(uint256 v0, uint256 v1, uint256 v2, uint256 v3, uint256 v4)
        internal
        pure
        returns (bytes32 result)
    {
        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
        assembly {
            let m := mload(0x40)
            mstore(m, v0)
            mstore(add(m, 0x20), v1)
            mstore(add(m, 0x40), v2)
            mstore(add(m, 0x60), v3)
            mstore(add(m, 0x80), v4)
            result := keccak256(m, 0xa0)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Returns `keccak256(abi.encode(v0, .., v5))`.
    function hash(bytes32 v0, bytes32 v1, bytes32 v2, bytes32 v3, bytes32 v4, bytes32 v5)
        internal
        pure
        returns (bytes32 result)
    {
        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
        assembly {
            let m := mload(0x40)
            mstore(m, v0)
            mstore(add(m, 0x20), v1)
            mstore(add(m, 0x40), v2)
            mstore(add(m, 0x60), v3)
            mstore(add(m, 0x80), v4)
            mstore(add(m, 0xa0), v5)
            result := keccak256(m, 0xc0)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Returns `keccak256(abi.encode(v0, .., v5))`.
    function hash(uint256 v0, uint256 v1, uint256 v2, uint256 v3, uint256 v4, uint256 v5)
        internal
        pure
        returns (bytes32 result)
    {
        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
        assembly {
            let m := mload(0x40)
            mstore(m, v0)
            mstore(add(m, 0x20), v1)
            mstore(add(m, 0x40), v2)
            mstore(add(m, 0x60), v3)
            mstore(add(m, 0x80), v4)
            mstore(add(m, 0xa0), v5)
            result := keccak256(m, 0xc0)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Returns `keccak256(abi.encode(v0, .., v6))`.
    function hash(
        bytes32 v0,
        bytes32 v1,
        bytes32 v2,
        bytes32 v3,
        bytes32 v4,
        bytes32 v5,
        bytes32 v6
    ) internal pure returns (bytes32 result) {
        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
        assembly {
            let m := mload(0x40)
            mstore(m, v0)
            mstore(add(m, 0x20), v1)
            mstore(add(m, 0x40), v2)
            mstore(add(m, 0x60), v3)
            mstore(add(m, 0x80), v4)
            mstore(add(m, 0xa0), v5)
            mstore(add(m, 0xc0), v6)
            result := keccak256(m, 0xe0)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Returns `keccak256(abi.encode(v0, .., v6))`.
    function hash(
        uint256 v0,
        uint256 v1,
        uint256 v2,
        uint256 v3,
        uint256 v4,
        uint256 v5,
        uint256 v6
    ) internal pure returns (bytes32 result) {
        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
        assembly {
            let m := mload(0x40)
            mstore(m, v0)
            mstore(add(m, 0x20), v1)
            mstore(add(m, 0x40), v2)
            mstore(add(m, 0x60), v3)
            mstore(add(m, 0x80), v4)
            mstore(add(m, 0xa0), v5)
            mstore(add(m, 0xc0), v6)
            result := keccak256(m, 0xe0)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Returns `keccak256(abi.encode(v0, .., v7))`.
    function hash(
        bytes32 v0,
        bytes32 v1,
        bytes32 v2,
        bytes32 v3,
        bytes32 v4,
        bytes32 v5,
        bytes32 v6,
        bytes32 v7
    ) internal pure returns (bytes32 result) {
        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
        assembly {
            let m := mload(0x40)
            mstore(m, v0)
            mstore(add(m, 0x20), v1)
            mstore(add(m, 0x40), v2)
            mstore(add(m, 0x60), v3)
            mstore(add(m, 0x80), v4)
            mstore(add(m, 0xa0), v5)
            mstore(add(m, 0xc0), v6)
            mstore(add(m, 0xe0), v7)
            result := keccak256(m, 0x100)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Returns `keccak256(abi.encode(v0, .., v7))`.
    function hash(
        uint256 v0,
        uint256 v1,
        uint256 v2,
        uint256 v3,
        uint256 v4,
        uint256 v5,
        uint256 v6,
        uint256 v7
    ) internal pure returns (bytes32 result) {
        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
        assembly {
            let m := mload(0x40)
            mstore(m, v0)
            mstore(add(m, 0x20), v1)
            mstore(add(m, 0x40), v2)
            mstore(add(m, 0x60), v3)
            mstore(add(m, 0x80), v4)
            mstore(add(m, 0xa0), v5)
            mstore(add(m, 0xc0), v6)
            mstore(add(m, 0xe0), v7)
            result := keccak256(m, 0x100)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Returns `keccak256(abi.encode(v0, .., v8))`.
    function hash(
        bytes32 v0,
        bytes32 v1,
        bytes32 v2,
        bytes32 v3,
        bytes32 v4,
        bytes32 v5,
        bytes32 v6,
        bytes32 v7,
        bytes32 v8
    ) internal pure returns (bytes32 result) {
        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
        assembly {
            let m := mload(0x40)
            mstore(m, v0)
            mstore(add(m, 0x20), v1)
            mstore(add(m, 0x40), v2)
            mstore(add(m, 0x60), v3)
            mstore(add(m, 0x80), v4)
            mstore(add(m, 0xa0), v5)
            mstore(add(m, 0xc0), v6)
            mstore(add(m, 0xe0), v7)
            mstore(add(m, 0x100), v8)
            result := keccak256(m, 0x120)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Returns `keccak256(abi.encode(v0, .., v8))`.
    function hash(
        uint256 v0,
        uint256 v1,
        uint256 v2,
        uint256 v3,
        uint256 v4,
        uint256 v5,
        uint256 v6,
        uint256 v7,
        uint256 v8
    ) internal pure returns (bytes32 result) {
        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
        assembly {
            let m := mload(0x40)
            mstore(m, v0)
            mstore(add(m, 0x20), v1)
            mstore(add(m, 0x40), v2)
            mstore(add(m, 0x60), v3)
            mstore(add(m, 0x80), v4)
            mstore(add(m, 0xa0), v5)
            mstore(add(m, 0xc0), v6)
            mstore(add(m, 0xe0), v7)
            mstore(add(m, 0x100), v8)
            result := keccak256(m, 0x120)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Returns `keccak256(abi.encode(v0, .., v9))`.
    function hash(
        bytes32 v0,
        bytes32 v1,
        bytes32 v2,
        bytes32 v3,
        bytes32 v4,
        bytes32 v5,
        bytes32 v6,
        bytes32 v7,
        bytes32 v8,
        bytes32 v9
    ) internal pure returns (bytes32 result) {
        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
        assembly {
            let m := mload(0x40)
            mstore(m, v0)
            mstore(add(m, 0x20), v1)
            mstore(add(m, 0x40), v2)
            mstore(add(m, 0x60), v3)
            mstore(add(m, 0x80), v4)
            mstore(add(m, 0xa0), v5)
            mstore(add(m, 0xc0), v6)
            mstore(add(m, 0xe0), v7)
            mstore(add(m, 0x100), v8)
            mstore(add(m, 0x120), v9)
            result := keccak256(m, 0x140)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Returns `keccak256(abi.encode(v0, .., v9))`.
    function hash(
        uint256 v0,
        uint256 v1,
        uint256 v2,
        uint256 v3,
        uint256 v4,
        uint256 v5,
        uint256 v6,
        uint256 v7,
        uint256 v8,
        uint256 v9
    ) internal pure returns (bytes32 result) {
        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
        assembly {
            let m := mload(0x40)
            mstore(m, v0)
            mstore(add(m, 0x20), v1)
            mstore(add(m, 0x40), v2)
            mstore(add(m, 0x60), v3)
            mstore(add(m, 0x80), v4)
            mstore(add(m, 0xa0), v5)
            mstore(add(m, 0xc0), v6)
            mstore(add(m, 0xe0), v7)
            mstore(add(m, 0x100), v8)
            mstore(add(m, 0x120), v9)
            result := keccak256(m, 0x140)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Returns `keccak256(abi.encode(v0, .., v10))`.
    function hash(
        bytes32 v0,
        bytes32 v1,
        bytes32 v2,
        bytes32 v3,
        bytes32 v4,
        bytes32 v5,
        bytes32 v6,
        bytes32 v7,
        bytes32 v8,
        bytes32 v9,
        bytes32 v10
    ) internal pure returns (bytes32 result) {
        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
        assembly {
            let m := mload(0x40)
            mstore(m, v0)
            mstore(add(m, 0x20), v1)
            mstore(add(m, 0x40), v2)
            mstore(add(m, 0x60), v3)
            mstore(add(m, 0x80), v4)
            mstore(add(m, 0xa0), v5)
            mstore(add(m, 0xc0), v6)
            mstore(add(m, 0xe0), v7)
            mstore(add(m, 0x100), v8)
            mstore(add(m, 0x120), v9)
            mstore(add(m, 0x140), v10)
            result := keccak256(m, 0x160)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Returns `keccak256(abi.encode(v0, .., v10))`.
    function hash(
        uint256 v0,
        uint256 v1,
        uint256 v2,
        uint256 v3,
        uint256 v4,
        uint256 v5,
        uint256 v6,
        uint256 v7,
        uint256 v8,
        uint256 v9,
        uint256 v10
    ) internal pure returns (bytes32 result) {
        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
        assembly {
            let m := mload(0x40)
            mstore(m, v0)
            mstore(add(m, 0x20), v1)
            mstore(add(m, 0x40), v2)
            mstore(add(m, 0x60), v3)
            mstore(add(m, 0x80), v4)
            mstore(add(m, 0xa0), v5)
            mstore(add(m, 0xc0), v6)
            mstore(add(m, 0xe0), v7)
            mstore(add(m, 0x100), v8)
            mstore(add(m, 0x120), v9)
            mstore(add(m, 0x140), v10)
            result := keccak256(m, 0x160)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Returns `keccak256(abi.encode(v0, .., v11))`.
    function hash(
        bytes32 v0,
        bytes32 v1,
        bytes32 v2,
        bytes32 v3,
        bytes32 v4,
        bytes32 v5,
        bytes32 v6,
        bytes32 v7,
        bytes32 v8,
        bytes32 v9,
        bytes32 v10,
        bytes32 v11
    ) internal pure returns (bytes32 result) {
        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
        assembly {
            let m := mload(0x40)
            mstore(m, v0)
            mstore(add(m, 0x20), v1)
            mstore(add(m, 0x40), v2)
            mstore(add(m, 0x60), v3)
            mstore(add(m, 0x80), v4)
            mstore(add(m, 0xa0), v5)
            mstore(add(m, 0xc0), v6)
            mstore(add(m, 0xe0), v7)
            mstore(add(m, 0x100), v8)
            mstore(add(m, 0x120), v9)
            mstore(add(m, 0x140), v10)
            mstore(add(m, 0x160), v11)
            result := keccak256(m, 0x180)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Returns `keccak256(abi.encode(v0, .., v11))`.
    function hash(
        uint256 v0,
        uint256 v1,
        uint256 v2,
        uint256 v3,
        uint256 v4,
        uint256 v5,
        uint256 v6,
        uint256 v7,
        uint256 v8,
        uint256 v9,
        uint256 v10,
        uint256 v11
    ) internal pure returns (bytes32 result) {
        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
        assembly {
            let m := mload(0x40)
            mstore(m, v0)
            mstore(add(m, 0x20), v1)
            mstore(add(m, 0x40), v2)
            mstore(add(m, 0x60), v3)
            mstore(add(m, 0x80), v4)
            mstore(add(m, 0xa0), v5)
            mstore(add(m, 0xc0), v6)
            mstore(add(m, 0xe0), v7)
            mstore(add(m, 0x100), v8)
            mstore(add(m, 0x120), v9)
            mstore(add(m, 0x140), v10)
            mstore(add(m, 0x160), v11)
            result := keccak256(m, 0x180)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Returns `keccak256(abi.encode(v0, .., v12))`.
    function hash(
        bytes32 v0,
        bytes32 v1,
        bytes32 v2,
        bytes32 v3,
        bytes32 v4,
        bytes32 v5,
        bytes32 v6,
        bytes32 v7,
        bytes32 v8,
        bytes32 v9,
        bytes32 v10,
        bytes32 v11,
        bytes32 v12
    ) internal pure returns (bytes32 result) {
        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
        assembly {
            let m := mload(0x40)
            mstore(m, v0)
            mstore(add(m, 0x20), v1)
            mstore(add(m, 0x40), v2)
            mstore(add(m, 0x60), v3)
            mstore(add(m, 0x80), v4)
            mstore(add(m, 0xa0), v5)
            mstore(add(m, 0xc0), v6)
            mstore(add(m, 0xe0), v7)
            mstore(add(m, 0x100), v8)
            mstore(add(m, 0x120), v9)
            mstore(add(m, 0x140), v10)
            mstore(add(m, 0x160), v11)
            mstore(add(m, 0x180), v12)
            result := keccak256(m, 0x1a0)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Returns `keccak256(abi.encode(v0, .., v12))`.
    function hash(
        uint256 v0,
        uint256 v1,
        uint256 v2,
        uint256 v3,
        uint256 v4,
        uint256 v5,
        uint256 v6,
        uint256 v7,
        uint256 v8,
        uint256 v9,
        uint256 v10,
        uint256 v11,
        uint256 v12
    ) internal pure returns (bytes32 result) {
        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
        assembly {
            let m := mload(0x40)
            mstore(m, v0)
            mstore(add(m, 0x20), v1)
            mstore(add(m, 0x40), v2)
            mstore(add(m, 0x60), v3)
            mstore(add(m, 0x80), v4)
            mstore(add(m, 0xa0), v5)
            mstore(add(m, 0xc0), v6)
            mstore(add(m, 0xe0), v7)
            mstore(add(m, 0x100), v8)
            mstore(add(m, 0x120), v9)
            mstore(add(m, 0x140), v10)
            mstore(add(m, 0x160), v11)
            mstore(add(m, 0x180), v12)
            result := keccak256(m, 0x1a0)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Returns `keccak256(abi.encode(v0, .., v13))`.
    function hash(
        bytes32 v0,
        bytes32 v1,
        bytes32 v2,
        bytes32 v3,
        bytes32 v4,
        bytes32 v5,
        bytes32 v6,
        bytes32 v7,
        bytes32 v8,
        bytes32 v9,
        bytes32 v10,
        bytes32 v11,
        bytes32 v12,
        bytes32 v13
    ) internal pure returns (bytes32 result) {
        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
        assembly {
            let m := mload(0x40)
            mstore(m, v0)
            mstore(add(m, 0x20), v1)
            mstore(add(m, 0x40), v2)
            mstore(add(m, 0x60), v3)
            mstore(add(m, 0x80), v4)
            mstore(add(m, 0xa0), v5)
            mstore(add(m, 0xc0), v6)
            mstore(add(m, 0xe0), v7)
            mstore(add(m, 0x100), v8)
            mstore(add(m, 0x120), v9)
            mstore(add(m, 0x140), v10)
            mstore(add(m, 0x160), v11)
            mstore(add(m, 0x180), v12)
            mstore(add(m, 0x1a0), v13)
            result := keccak256(m, 0x1c0)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Returns `keccak256(abi.encode(v0, .., v13))`.
    function hash(
        uint256 v0,
        uint256 v1,
        uint256 v2,
        uint256 v3,
        uint256 v4,
        uint256 v5,
        uint256 v6,
        uint256 v7,
        uint256 v8,
        uint256 v9,
        uint256 v10,
        uint256 v11,
        uint256 v12,
        uint256 v13
    ) internal pure returns (bytes32 result) {
        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
        assembly {
            let m := mload(0x40)
            mstore(m, v0)
            mstore(add(m, 0x20), v1)
            mstore(add(m, 0x40), v2)
            mstore(add(m, 0x60), v3)
            mstore(add(m, 0x80), v4)
            mstore(add(m, 0xa0), v5)
            mstore(add(m, 0xc0), v6)
            mstore(add(m, 0xe0), v7)
            mstore(add(m, 0x100), v8)
            mstore(add(m, 0x120), v9)
            mstore(add(m, 0x140), v10)
            mstore(add(m, 0x160), v11)
            mstore(add(m, 0x180), v12)
            mstore(add(m, 0x1a0), v13)
            result := keccak256(m, 0x1c0)
        }
    }

    /*´:°•.°+.*•´.*:˚.°*.˚•´.°:°•.°•.*•´.*:˚.°*.˚•´.°:°•.°+.*•´.*:*/
    /*             BYTES32 BUFFER HASHING OPERATIONS              */
    /*.•°:°.´+˚.*°.˚:*.´•*.+°.•°:´*.´•*.•°.•°:°.´:•˚°.*°.˚:*.´+°.•*/

    /// @dev Returns `keccak256(abi.encode(buffer[0], .., buffer[buffer.length - 1]))`.
    function hash(bytes32[] memory buffer) internal pure returns (bytes32 result) {
        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
        assembly {
            result := keccak256(add(buffer, 0x20), shl(5, mload(buffer)))
        }
    }

    /// @dev Sets `buffer[i]` to `value`, without a bounds check.
    /// Returns the `buffer` for function chaining.
    function set(bytes32[] memory buffer, uint256 i, bytes32 value)
        internal
        pure
        returns (bytes32[] memory)
    {
        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
        assembly {
            mstore(add(buffer, shl(5, add(1, i))), value)
        }
        return buffer;
    }

    /// @dev Sets `buffer[i]` to `value`, without a bounds check.
    /// Returns the `buffer` for function chaining.
    function set(bytes32[] memory buffer, uint256 i, uint256 value)
        internal
        pure
        returns (bytes32[] memory)
    {
        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
        assembly {
            mstore(add(buffer, shl(5, add(1, i))), value)
        }
        return buffer;
    }

    /// @dev Returns `new bytes32[](n)`, without zeroing out the memory.
    function malloc(uint256 n) internal pure returns (bytes32[] memory buffer) {
        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
        assembly {
            buffer := mload(0x40)
            mstore(buffer, n)
            mstore(0x40, add(shl(5, add(1, n)), buffer))
        }
    }

    /// @dev Frees memory that has been allocated for `buffer`.
    /// No-op if `buffer.length` is zero, or if new memory has been allocated after `buffer`.
    function free(bytes32[] memory buffer) internal pure {
        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
        assembly {
            let n := mload(buffer)
            mstore(shl(6, lt(iszero(n), eq(add(shl(5, add(1, n)), buffer), mload(0x40)))), buffer)
        }
    }

    /*´:°•.°+.*•´.*:˚.°*.˚•´.°:°•.°•.*•´.*:˚.°*.˚•´.°:°•.°+.*•´.*:*/
    /*                      EQUALITY CHECKS                       */
    /*.•°:°.´+˚.*°.˚:*.´•*.+°.•°:´*.´•*.•°.•°:°.´:•˚°.*°.˚:*.´+°.•*/

    /// @dev Returns `a == abi.decode(b, (bytes32))`.
    function eq(bytes32 a, bytes memory b) internal pure returns (bool result) {
        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
        assembly {
            result := and(eq(0x20, mload(b)), eq(a, mload(add(b, 0x20))))
        }
    }

    /// @dev Returns `abi.decode(a, (bytes32)) == a`.
    function eq(bytes memory a, bytes32 b) internal pure returns (bool result) {
        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
        assembly {
            result := and(eq(0x20, mload(a)), eq(b, mload(add(a, 0x20))))
        }
    }

    /*´:°•.°+.*•´.*:˚.°*.˚•´.°:°•.°•.*•´.*:˚.°*.˚•´.°:°•.°+.*•´.*:*/
    /*               BYTE SLICE HASHING OPERATIONS                */
    /*.•°:°.´+˚.*°.˚:*.´•*.+°.•°:´*.´•*.•°.•°:°.´:•˚°.*°.˚:*.´+°.•*/

    /// @dev Returns the keccak256 of the slice from `start` to `end` (exclusive).
    /// `start` and `end` are byte offsets.
    function hash(bytes memory b, uint256 start, uint256 end)
        internal
        pure
        returns (bytes32 result)
    {
        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
        assembly {
            let n := mload(b)
            end := xor(end, mul(xor(end, n), lt(n, end)))
            start := xor(start, mul(xor(start, n), lt(n, start)))
            result := keccak256(add(add(b, 0x20), start), mul(gt(end, start), sub(end, start)))
        }
    }

    /// @dev Returns the keccak256 of the slice from `start` to the end of the bytes.
    function hash(bytes memory b, uint256 start) internal pure returns (bytes32 result) {
        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
        assembly {
            let n := mload(b)
            start := xor(start, mul(xor(start, n), lt(n, start)))
            result := keccak256(add(add(b, 0x20), start), mul(gt(n, start), sub(n, start)))
        }
    }

    /// @dev Returns the keccak256 of the bytes.
    function hash(bytes memory b) internal pure returns (bytes32 result) {
        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
        assembly {
            result := keccak256(add(b, 0x20), mload(b))
        }
    }

    /// @dev Returns the keccak256 of the slice from `start` to `end` (exclusive).
    /// `start` and `end` are byte offsets.
    function hashCalldata(bytes calldata b, uint256 start, uint256 end)
        internal
        pure
        returns (bytes32 result)
    {
        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
        assembly {
            end := xor(end, mul(xor(end, b.length), lt(b.length, end)))
            start := xor(start, mul(xor(start, b.length), lt(b.length, start)))
            let n := mul(gt(end, start), sub(end, start))
            calldatacopy(mload(0x40), add(b.offset, start), n)
            result := keccak256(mload(0x40), n)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Returns the keccak256 of the slice from `start` to the end of the bytes.
    function hashCalldata(bytes calldata b, uint256 start) internal pure returns (bytes32 result) {
        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
        assembly {
            start := xor(start, mul(xor(start, b.length), lt(b.length, start)))
            let n := mul(gt(b.length, start), sub(b.length, start))
            calldatacopy(mload(0x40), add(b.offset, start), n)
            result := keccak256(mload(0x40), n)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Returns the keccak256 of the bytes.
    function hashCalldata(bytes calldata b) internal pure returns (bytes32 result) {
        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
        assembly {
            calldatacopy(mload(0x40), b.offset, b.length)
            result := keccak256(mload(0x40), b.length)
        }
    }

    /*´:°•.°+.*•´.*:˚.°*.˚•´.°:°•.°•.*•´.*:˚.°*.˚•´.°:°•.°+.*•´.*:*/
    /*                      SHA2-256 HELPERS                      */
    /*.•°:°.´+˚.*°.˚:*.´•*.+°.•°:´*.´•*.•°.•°:°.´:•˚°.*°.˚:*.´+°.•*/

    /// @dev Returns `sha256(abi.encode(b))`. Yes, it's more efficient.
    function sha2(bytes32 b) internal view returns (bytes32 result) {
        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
        assembly {
            mstore(0x00, b)
            result := mload(staticcall(gas(), 2, 0x00, 0x20, 0x01, 0x20))
            if iszero(returndatasize()) { invalid() }
        }
    }

    /// @dev Returns the sha256 of the slice from `start` to `end` (exclusive).
    /// `start` and `end` are byte offsets.
    function sha2(bytes memory b, uint256 start, uint256 end)
        internal
        view
        returns (bytes32 result)
    {
        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
        assembly {
            let n := mload(b)
            end := xor(end, mul(xor(end, n), lt(n, end)))
            start := xor(start, mul(xor(start, n), lt(n, start)))
            // forgefmt: disable-next-item
            result := mload(staticcall(gas(), 2, add(add(b, 0x20), start),
                mul(gt(end, start), sub(end, start)), 0x01, 0x20))
            if iszero(returndatasize()) { invalid() }
        }
    }

    /// @dev Returns the sha256 of the slice from `start` to the end of the bytes.
    function sha2(bytes memory b, uint256 start) internal view returns (bytes32 result) {
        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
        assembly {
            let n := mload(b)
            start := xor(start, mul(xor(start, n), lt(n, start)))
            // forgefmt: disable-next-item
            result := mload(staticcall(gas(), 2, add(add(b, 0x20), start),
                mul(gt(n, start), sub(n, start)), 0x01, 0x20))
            if iszero(returndatasize()) { invalid() }
        }
    }

    /// @dev Returns the sha256 of the bytes.
    function sha2(bytes memory b) internal view returns (bytes32 result) {
        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
        assembly {
            result := mload(staticcall(gas(), 2, add(b, 0x20), mload(b), 0x01, 0x20))
            if iszero(returndatasize()) { invalid() }
        }
    }

    /// @dev Returns the sha256 of the slice from `start` to `end` (exclusive).
    /// `start` and `end` are byte offsets.
    function sha2Calldata(bytes calldata b, uint256 start, uint256 end)
        internal
        view
        returns (bytes32 result)
    {
        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
        assembly {
            end := xor(end, mul(xor(end, b.length), lt(b.length, end)))
            start := xor(start, mul(xor(start, b.length), lt(b.length, start)))
            let n := mul(gt(end, start), sub(end, start))
            calldatacopy(mload(0x40), add(b.offset, start), n)
            result := mload(staticcall(gas(), 2, mload(0x40), n, 0x01, 0x20))
            if iszero(returndatasize()) { invalid() }
        }
    }

    /// @dev Returns the sha256 of the slice from `start` to the end of the bytes.
    function sha2Calldata(bytes calldata b, uint256 start) internal view returns (bytes32 result) {
        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
        assembly {
            start := xor(start, mul(xor(start, b.length), lt(b.length, start)))
            let n := mul(gt(b.length, start), sub(b.length, start))
            calldatacopy(mload(0x40), add(b.offset, start), n)
            result := mload(staticcall(gas(), 2, mload(0x40), n, 0x01, 0x20))
            if iszero(returndatasize()) { invalid() }
        }
    }

    /// @dev Returns the sha256 of the bytes.
    function sha2Calldata(bytes calldata b) internal view returns (bytes32 result) {
        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
        assembly {
            calldatacopy(mload(0x40), b.offset, b.length)
            result := mload(staticcall(gas(), 2, mload(0x40), b.length, 0x01, 0x20))
            if iszero(returndatasize()) { invalid() }
        }
    }
}
          

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.24;

import { IForcedInclusionStore } from "../iface/IForcedInclusionStore.sol";
import { IInbox } from "../iface/IInbox.sol";
import { IProposerChecker } from "../iface/IProposerChecker.sol";
import { IProverWhitelist } from "../iface/IProverWhitelist.sol";
import { LibBlobs } from "../libs/LibBlobs.sol";
import { LibForcedInclusion } from "../libs/LibForcedInclusion.sol";
import { LibHashOptimized } from "../libs/LibHashOptimized.sol";
import { LibInboxSetup } from "../libs/LibInboxSetup.sol";
import { LibProposeInputCodec } from "../libs/LibProposeInputCodec.sol";
import { LibProposedEventCodec } from "../libs/LibProposedEventCodec.sol";
import { LibProveInputCodec } from "../libs/LibProveInputCodec.sol";
import { LibProvedEventCodec } from "../libs/LibProvedEventCodec.sol";
import { IProofVerifier } from "src/layer1/verifiers/IProofVerifier.sol";
import { EssentialContract } from "src/shared/common/EssentialContract.sol";
import { LibAddress } from "src/shared/libs/LibAddress.sol";
import { LibBonds } from "src/shared/libs/LibBonds.sol";
import { LibMath } from "src/shared/libs/LibMath.sol";
import { ICheckpointStore } from "src/shared/signal/ICheckpointStore.sol";
import { ISignalService } from "src/shared/signal/ISignalService.sol";

/// @title Inbox
/// @notice Core contract for managing L2 proposals, proof verification, and forced inclusion in
/// Taiko's based rollup architecture.
/// @dev The Pacaya inbox contract is not being upgraded to the Shasta implementation;
///      instead, Shasta uses a separate inbox address.
/// @dev This contract implements the fundamental inbox logic including:
///      - Proposal submission with forced inclusion support
///      - Sequential proof verification
///      - Ring buffer storage for efficient state management
///      - Bond instruction calculation(but actual funds are managed on L2)
///      - Finalization of proven proposals with checkpoint rate limiting
/// @custom:security-contact security@taiko.xyz
contract Inbox is IInbox, IForcedInclusionStore, EssentialContract {
    using LibAddress for address;
    using LibMath for uint48;
    using LibMath for uint256;

    // ---------------------------------------------------------------
    // Structs
    // ---------------------------------------------------------------

    /// @notice Result from consuming forced inclusions
    struct ConsumptionResult {
        DerivationSource[] sources;
        bool allowsPermissionless;
    }

    // ---------------------------------------------------------------
    // Events
    // ---------------------------------------------------------------

    event InboxActivated(bytes32 lastPacayaBlockHash);

    // ---------------------------------------------------------------
    // Immutable Variables
    // ---------------------------------------------------------------

    /// @notice The codec used for encoding and hashing.
    address internal immutable _codec;

    /// @notice The proof verifier contract.
    IProofVerifier internal immutable _proofVerifier;

    /// @notice The proposer checker contract.
    IProposerChecker internal immutable _proposerChecker;

    /// @notice The prover whitelist contract (address(0) means no whitelist)
    IProverWhitelist internal immutable _proverWhitelist;

    /// @notice Signal service responsible for checkpoints and bond signals.
    ISignalService internal immutable _signalService;

    /// @notice The proving window in seconds.
    uint48 internal immutable _provingWindow;

    /// @notice Maximum delay allowed between sequential proofs to remain on time.
    uint48 internal immutable _maxProofSubmissionDelay;

    /// @notice The ring buffer size for storing proposal hashes.
    uint256 internal immutable _ringBufferSize;

    /// @notice The percentage of basefee paid to coinbase.
    uint8 internal immutable _basefeeSharingPctg;

    /// @notice The minimum number of forced inclusions that the proposer is forced to process if
    /// they are due.
    uint256 internal immutable _minForcedInclusionCount;

    /// @notice The delay for forced inclusions measured in seconds.
    uint16 internal immutable _forcedInclusionDelay;

    /// @notice The base fee for forced inclusions in Gwei.
    uint64 internal immutable _forcedInclusionFeeInGwei;

    /// @notice Queue size at which the fee doubles. See Config for formula details.
    uint64 internal immutable _forcedInclusionFeeDoubleThreshold;

    /// @notice The minimum delay between checkpoints in seconds.
    uint16 internal immutable _minCheckpointDelay;

    /// @notice The multiplier to determine when a forced inclusion is too old so that proposing
    /// becomes permissionless
    uint8 internal immutable _permissionlessInclusionMultiplier;

    // ---------------------------------------------------------------
    // State Variables
    // ---------------------------------------------------------------

    /// @notice The timestamp when the first activation occurred.
    uint48 public activationTimestamp;

    /// @notice Persisted core state.
    CoreState internal _coreState;

    /// @dev Ring buffer for storing proposal hashes indexed by buffer slot
    /// - bufferSlot: The ring buffer slot calculated as proposalId % ringBufferSize
    /// - proposalHash: The keccak256 hash of the Proposal struct
    mapping(uint256 bufferSlot => bytes32 proposalHash) internal _proposalHashes;

    /// @dev Storage for forced inclusion requests
    /// @dev 2 slots used
    LibForcedInclusion.Storage private _forcedInclusionStorage;

    uint256[44] private __gap;

    // ---------------------------------------------------------------
    // Constructor
    // ---------------------------------------------------------------

    /// @notice Initializes the Inbox contract
    /// @param _config Configuration struct containing all constructor parameters
    constructor(Config memory _config) {
        LibInboxSetup.validateConfig(_config);

        _codec = _config.codec;
        _proofVerifier = IProofVerifier(_config.proofVerifier);
        _proposerChecker = IProposerChecker(_config.proposerChecker);
        _proverWhitelist = IProverWhitelist(_config.proverWhitelist);
        _signalService = ISignalService(_config.signalService);
        _provingWindow = _config.provingWindow;
        _maxProofSubmissionDelay = _config.maxProofSubmissionDelay;
        _ringBufferSize = _config.ringBufferSize;
        _basefeeSharingPctg = _config.basefeeSharingPctg;
        _minForcedInclusionCount = _config.minForcedInclusionCount;
        _forcedInclusionDelay = _config.forcedInclusionDelay;
        _forcedInclusionFeeInGwei = _config.forcedInclusionFeeInGwei;
        _forcedInclusionFeeDoubleThreshold = _config.forcedInclusionFeeDoubleThreshold;
        _minCheckpointDelay = _config.minCheckpointDelay;
        _permissionlessInclusionMultiplier = _config.permissionlessInclusionMultiplier;
    }

    // ---------------------------------------------------------------
    // External Functions
    // ---------------------------------------------------------------

    /// @notice Initializes the owner of the inbox.
    /// @param _owner The owner of this contract
    function init(address _owner) external initializer {
        __Essential_init(_owner);
    }

    /// @notice Activates the inbox so that it can start accepting proposals.
    /// @dev Can be called multiple times within the activation window to handle reorgs.
    /// @param _lastPacayaBlockHash The block hash of the last Pacaya block
    function activate(bytes32 _lastPacayaBlockHash) external onlyOwner {
        (
            uint48 newActivationTimestamp,
            CoreState memory state,
            Derivation memory derivation,
            Proposal memory proposal,
            bytes32 genesisProposalHash
        ) = LibInboxSetup.activate(_lastPacayaBlockHash, activationTimestamp);

        activationTimestamp = newActivationTimestamp;
        _coreState = state;
        _setProposalHash(0, genesisProposalHash);
        _emitProposedEvent(proposal, derivation);
        emit InboxActivated(_lastPacayaBlockHash);
    }

    /// @inheritdoc IInbox
    /// @notice Proposes new L2 blocks and forced inclusions to the rollup using blobs for DA.
    /// @dev Key behaviors:
    ///      1. Validates proposer authorization via `IProposerChecker`
    ///      2. Process `input.numForcedInclusions` forced inclusions. The proposer is forced to
    ///         process at least `config.minForcedInclusionCount` if they are due.
    ///      3. Updates core state and emits `Proposed` event
    /// NOTE: This function can only be called once per block to prevent spams that can fill the
    /// ring buffer.
    function propose(bytes calldata _lookahead, bytes calldata _data) external nonReentrant {
        unchecked {
            ProposeInput memory input = LibProposeInputCodec.decode(_data);
            _validateProposeInput(input);

            uint48 nextProposalId = _coreState.nextProposalId;
            uint48 lastProposalBlockId = _coreState.lastProposalBlockId;
            uint48 lastFinalizedProposalId = _coreState.lastFinalizedProposalId;
            require(nextProposalId > 0, ActivationRequired());

            (Proposal memory proposal, Derivation memory derivation) = _buildProposal(
                input, _lookahead, nextProposalId, lastProposalBlockId, lastFinalizedProposalId
            );

            _coreState.nextProposalId = nextProposalId + 1;
            _coreState.lastProposalBlockId = uint48(block.number);
            _setProposalHash(proposal.id, LibHashOptimized.hashProposal(proposal));

            _emitProposedEvent(proposal, derivation);
        }
    }

    /// @inheritdoc IInbox
    ///
    /// @dev The proof covers a contiguous range of proposals. The input contains an array of
    /// Transition structs, each with the proposal's metadata and checkpoint hash. The proof range
    /// can start at or before the last finalized proposal to handle race conditions where
    /// proposals get finalized between proof generation and submission.
    ///
    /// Example: Proving proposals 3-7 when lastFinalizedProposalId=4
    ///
    ///       lastFinalizedProposalId                nextProposalId
    ///                             ┆                             ┆
    ///                             ▼                             ▼
    ///     0     1     2     3     4     5     6     7     8     9
    ///     ■─────■─────■─────■─────■─────□─────□─────□─────□─────
    ///                       ▲           ▲                 ▲
    ///                       ┆<-offset-> ┆                 ┆
    ///                       ┆                             ┆
    ///                       ┆<-    input.transitions[]   ->┆
    ///         firstProposalId                             lastProposalId
    ///
    /// Key validation rules:
    /// 1. firstProposalId <= lastFinalizedProposalId + 1 (can overlap with finalized range)
    /// 2. lastProposalId < nextProposalId (cannot prove unproposed blocks)
    /// 3. lastProposalId >= lastFinalizedProposalId + 1 (must advance at least one proposal)
    /// 4. The block hash must link to the lastFinalizedBlockHash
    ///
    /// @param _data Encoded ProveInput struct
    /// @param _proof Validity proof for the batch of proposals
    function prove(bytes calldata _data, bytes calldata _proof) external {
        unchecked {

            bool isWhitelistEnabled = _checkProver(msg.sender);
            CoreState memory state = _coreState;
            ProveInput memory input = LibProveInputCodec.decode(_data);

            // -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
            // 1. Validate batch bounds and calculate offset of the first unfinalized proposal
            // -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
            Commitment memory commitment = input.commitment;

            // `offset` is the index of the next-to-finalize proposal in the transitions array.
            (uint256 numProposals, uint256 lastProposalId, uint48 offset) =
                _validateCommitment(state, commitment);

            // ---------------------------------------------------------
            // 2. Verify checkpoint hash continuity and last proposal hash
            // ---------------------------------------------------------
            // The parent block hash must match the stored lastFinalizedBlockHash.
            bytes32 expectedParentHash = offset == 0
                ? commitment.firstProposalParentBlockHash
                : commitment.transitions[offset - 1].blockHash;
            require(state.lastFinalizedBlockHash == expectedParentHash, ParentBlockHashMismatch());

            require(
                commitment.lastProposalHash == getProposalHash(lastProposalId),
                LastProposalHashMismatch()
            );

            // ---------------------------------------------------------
            // 3. Process bond instruction
            // ---------------------------------------------------------
            // Bond transfers only apply when whitelist is not enabled.
            if (!isWhitelistEnabled) {
                _processBondInstruction(commitment, offset);
            }

            // -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
            // 4. Sync checkpoint
            // -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
            if (
                input.forceCheckpointSync
                    || block.timestamp >= state.lastCheckpointTimestamp + _minCheckpointDelay
            ) {
                _signalService.saveCheckpoint(
                    ICheckpointStore.Checkpoint({
                        blockNumber: commitment.endBlockNumber,
                        stateRoot: commitment.endStateRoot,
                        blockHash: commitment.transitions[numProposals - 1].blockHash
                    })
                );
                state.lastCheckpointTimestamp = uint48(block.timestamp);
            }

            // ---------------------------------------------------------
            // 5. Update core state and emit event
            // ---------------------------------------------------------
            state.lastFinalizedProposalId = uint48(lastProposalId);
            state.lastFinalizedTimestamp = uint48(block.timestamp);
            state.lastFinalizedBlockHash = commitment.transitions[numProposals - 1].blockHash;

            _coreState = state;
            emit Proved(LibProvedEventCodec.encode(ProvedEventPayload(input)));

            // ---------------------------------------------------------
            // 6. Verify the proof
            // ---------------------------------------------------------
            // We count the proposalAge as the time since it became available for proving.
            uint256 proposalAge = block.timestamp
                - commitment.transitions[offset].timestamp.max(state.lastFinalizedTimestamp);
            _proofVerifier.verifyProof(
                proposalAge, LibHashOptimized.hashCommitment(commitment), _proof
            );
        }
    }

    /// @inheritdoc IForcedInclusionStore
    /// @dev This function will revert if called before the first non-activation proposal is
    /// submitted to make sure blocks have been produced already and the derivation can use the
    /// parent's block timestamp.
    function saveForcedInclusion(LibBlobs.BlobReference memory _blobReference) external payable {
        bytes32 proposalHash = _proposalHashes[1];
        require(proposalHash != bytes32(0), IncorrectProposalCount());

        uint256 refund = LibForcedInclusion.saveForcedInclusion(
            _forcedInclusionStorage,
            _forcedInclusionFeeInGwei,
            _forcedInclusionFeeDoubleThreshold,
            _blobReference
        );

        // Refund excess payment to the sender
        if (refund > 0) {
            msg.sender.sendEtherAndVerify(refund);
        }
    }

    // ---------------------------------------------------------------
    // External and Public View Functions
    // ---------------------------------------------------------------
    /// @inheritdoc IForcedInclusionStore
    function getCurrentForcedInclusionFee() external view returns (uint64 feeInGwei_) {
        return LibForcedInclusion.getCurrentForcedInclusionFee(
            _forcedInclusionStorage, _forcedInclusionFeeInGwei, _forcedInclusionFeeDoubleThreshold
        );
    }

    /// @inheritdoc IForcedInclusionStore
    function getForcedInclusions(
        uint48 _start,
        uint48 _maxCount
    )
        external
        view
        returns (IForcedInclusionStore.ForcedInclusion[] memory inclusions_)
    {
        return LibForcedInclusion.getForcedInclusions(_forcedInclusionStorage, _start, _maxCount);
    }

    /// @inheritdoc IForcedInclusionStore
    function getForcedInclusionState() external view returns (uint48 head_, uint48 tail_) {
        return LibForcedInclusion.getForcedInclusionState(_forcedInclusionStorage);
    }

    /// @inheritdoc IInbox
    function getConfig() external view returns (Config memory config_) {
        config_ = Config({
            codec: _codec,
            proofVerifier: address(_proofVerifier),
            proposerChecker: address(_proposerChecker),
            proverWhitelist: address(_proverWhitelist),
            signalService: address(_signalService),
            provingWindow: _provingWindow,
            maxProofSubmissionDelay: _maxProofSubmissionDelay,
            ringBufferSize: _ringBufferSize,
            basefeeSharingPctg: _basefeeSharingPctg,
            minForcedInclusionCount: _minForcedInclusionCount,
            forcedInclusionDelay: _forcedInclusionDelay,
            forcedInclusionFeeInGwei: _forcedInclusionFeeInGwei,
            forcedInclusionFeeDoubleThreshold: _forcedInclusionFeeDoubleThreshold,
            minCheckpointDelay: _minCheckpointDelay,
            permissionlessInclusionMultiplier: _permissionlessInclusionMultiplier
        });
    }

    /// @inheritdoc IInbox
    function getCoreState() external view returns (CoreState memory) {
        return _coreState;
    }

    /// @inheritdoc IInbox
    /// @dev Note that due to the ring buffer nature of the `_proposalHashes` mapping proposals
    /// may have been overwritten by a new one. You should verify that the hash matches the
    /// expected proposal.
    function getProposalHash(uint256 _proposalId) public view returns (bytes32) {
        return _proposalHashes[_proposalId % _ringBufferSize];
    }

    // ---------------------------------------------------------------
    // Private State-Changing Functions
    // ---------------------------------------------------------------

    /// @dev Builds proposal and derivation data. It also checks if `msg.sender` can propose.
    /// @param _input The propose input data.
    /// @param _lookahead Encoded data forwarded to the proposer checker (i.e. lookahead payloads).
    /// @param _nextProposalId The proposal ID to assign.
    /// @param _lastProposalBlockId The last block number where a proposal was made.
    /// @param _lastFinalizedProposalId The ID of the last finalized proposal.
    /// @return proposal_ The proposal with final endOfSubmissionWindowTimestamp and derivation
    /// hash set.
    /// @return derivation_ The derivation data for the proposal.
    function _buildProposal(
        ProposeInput memory _input,
        bytes calldata _lookahead,
        uint48 _nextProposalId,
        uint48 _lastProposalBlockId,
        uint48 _lastFinalizedProposalId
    )
        private
        returns (Proposal memory proposal_, Derivation memory derivation_)
    {
        unchecked {
            // Enforce one propose call per Ethereum block to prevent spam attacks that could
            // deplete the ring buffer
            require(block.number > _lastProposalBlockId, CannotProposeInCurrentBlock());
            require(
                _getAvailableCapacity(_nextProposalId, _lastFinalizedProposalId) > 0,
                NotEnoughCapacity()
            );

            ConsumptionResult memory result =
                _consumeForcedInclusions(msg.sender, _input.numForcedInclusions);

            result.sources[result.sources.length - 1] =
                DerivationSource(false, LibBlobs.validateBlobReference(_input.blobReference));

            // If forced inclusion is old enough, allow anyone to propose
            // and set endOfSubmissionWindowTimestamp = 0
            // Otherwise, only the current preconfer can propose
            uint48 endOfSubmissionWindowTimestamp = result.allowsPermissionless
                ? 0
                : _proposerChecker.checkProposer(msg.sender, _lookahead);

            // Use previous block as the origin for the proposal to be able to call `blockhash`
            uint256 parentBlockNumber = block.number - 1;
            derivation_ = Derivation({
                originBlockNumber: uint48(parentBlockNumber),
                originBlockHash: blockhash(parentBlockNumber),
                basefeeSharingPctg: _basefeeSharingPctg,
                sources: result.sources
            });

            proposal_ = Proposal({
                id: _nextProposalId,
                timestamp: uint48(block.timestamp),
                endOfSubmissionWindowTimestamp: endOfSubmissionWindowTimestamp,
                proposer: msg.sender,
                parentProposalHash: getProposalHash(_nextProposalId - 1),
                derivationHash: LibHashOptimized.hashDerivation(derivation_)
            });
        }
    }

    /// @dev Stores a proposal hash in the ring buffer
    /// Overwrites any existing hash at the calculated buffer slot
    function _setProposalHash(uint48 _proposalId, bytes32 _proposalHash) private {
        _proposalHashes[_proposalId % _ringBufferSize] = _proposalHash;
    }

    /// @dev Consumes forced inclusions from the queue and returns result with extra slot for normal
    /// source
    /// @param _feeRecipient Address to receive accumulated fees
    /// @param _numForcedInclusionsRequested Maximum number of forced inclusions to consume
    /// @return result_ ConsumptionResult with sources array (size: processed + 1, last slot empty)
    /// and whether permissionless proposals are allowed
    function _consumeForcedInclusions(
        address _feeRecipient,
        uint256 _numForcedInclusionsRequested
    )
        private
        returns (ConsumptionResult memory result_)
    {
        unchecked {
            LibForcedInclusion.Storage storage $ = _forcedInclusionStorage;

            // Load storage once
            (uint48 head, uint48 tail) = ($.head, $.tail);

            uint256 available = tail - head;
            uint256 toProcess = _numForcedInclusionsRequested > available
                ? available
                : _numForcedInclusionsRequested;

            result_.sources = new DerivationSource[](toProcess + 1);

            uint48 oldestTimestamp;
            (oldestTimestamp, head) = _dequeueAndProcessForcedInclusions(
                $, _feeRecipient, result_.sources, head, toProcess
            );

            // We check the following conditions are met:
            // 1. Proposer is willing to include at least the minimum required
            // (_minForcedInclusionCount) OR
            // 2. Proposer included all available inclusions that are due
            if (_numForcedInclusionsRequested < _minForcedInclusionCount && available > toProcess) {
                bool isOldestInclusionDue = LibForcedInclusion.isOldestForcedInclusionDue(
                    $, head, tail, _forcedInclusionDelay
                );
                require(!isOldestInclusionDue, UnprocessedForcedInclusionIsDue());
            }

            uint256 permissionlessTimestamp = uint256(_forcedInclusionDelay)
                * _permissionlessInclusionMultiplier + oldestTimestamp;
            result_.allowsPermissionless = block.timestamp > permissionlessTimestamp;
        }
    }

    /// @dev Dequeues and processes forced inclusions from the queue without checking if they exist
    /// @param $ Storage reference
    /// @param _feeRecipient Address to receive fees
    /// @param _sources Array to populate with derivation sources
    /// @param _head Current queue head position
    /// @param _toProcess Number of inclusions to process
    /// @return oldestTimestamp_ Oldest timestamp from processed inclusions.
    /// `type(uint48).max` if no inclusions were processed
    /// @return head_ Updated head position
    function _dequeueAndProcessForcedInclusions(
        LibForcedInclusion.Storage storage $,
        address _feeRecipient,
        DerivationSource[] memory _sources,
        uint48 _head,
        uint256 _toProcess
    )
        private
        returns (uint48 oldestTimestamp_, uint48 head_)
    {
        unchecked {
            if (_toProcess == 0) {
                return (type(uint48).max, _head);
            }

            // Process inclusions and accumulate fees
            uint256 totalFees;
            for (uint256 i; i < _toProcess; ++i) {
                IForcedInclusionStore.ForcedInclusion storage inclusion = $.queue[_head + i];
                _sources[i] = IInbox.DerivationSource(true, inclusion.blobSlice);
                totalFees += inclusion.feeInGwei;
            }

            // Transfer accumulated fees
            if (totalFees > 0) {
                _feeRecipient.sendEtherAndVerify(totalFees * 1 gwei);
            }

            // Oldest timestamp is the timestamp of the first inclusion
            oldestTimestamp_ = uint48(_sources[0].blobSlice.timestamp);

            // Update queue position
            head_ = _head + uint48(_toProcess);

            // Write to storage once
            $.head = head_;
        }
    }

    /// @dev Calculates and emits bond instruction if applicable.
    /// @dev Bond instruction rules:
    ///      - On-time (within provingWindow + sequential grace): No bond changes.
    ///      - Late: Liveness bond transfer, even when the designated and actual provers are the
    ///        same address (L2 processing handles slashing/reward splits).
    /// @param _commitment The commitment data.
    /// @param _offset The offset to the first unfinalized proposal.
    function _processBondInstruction(
        Commitment memory _commitment,
        uint48 _offset
    )
        private
    {
        unchecked {
            uint256 livenessWindowDeadline = (_commitment.transitions[_offset].timestamp
                    + _provingWindow)
            .max(_coreState.lastFinalizedTimestamp + _maxProofSubmissionDelay);

            // On-time proof - no bond transfer needed.
            if (block.timestamp <= livenessWindowDeadline) {
                return;
            }

            LibBonds.BondInstruction memory bondInstruction = LibBonds.BondInstruction({
                proposalId: _commitment.firstProposalId + _offset,
                bondType: LibBonds.BondType.LIVENESS,
                payer: _commitment.transitions[_offset].designatedProver,
                payee: _commitment.actualProver
            });

            _signalService.sendSignal(LibBonds.hashBondInstruction(bondInstruction));
            emit BondInstructionCreated(bondInstruction.proposalId, bondInstruction);
        }
    }

    /// @dev Emits the Proposed event
    function _emitProposedEvent(
        Proposal memory _proposal,
        Derivation memory _derivation
    )
        private
    {
        ProposedEventPayload memory payload =
            ProposedEventPayload({ proposal: _proposal, derivation: _derivation });
        emit Proposed(LibProposedEventCodec.encode(payload));
    }

    // ---------------------------------------------------------------
    // Private View/Pure Functions
    // ---------------------------------------------------------------

    /// @dev Calculates remaining capacity for new proposals
    /// Subtracts unfinalized proposals from total capacity
    /// @param _nextProposalId The next proposal ID
    /// @param _lastFinalizedProposalId The ID of the last finalized proposal
    /// @return _ Number of additional proposals that can be submitted
    function _getAvailableCapacity(
        uint48 _nextProposalId,
        uint48 _lastFinalizedProposalId
    )
        private
        view
        returns (uint256)
    {
        unchecked {
            uint256 numUnfinalizedProposals = _nextProposalId - _lastFinalizedProposalId - 1;
            return _ringBufferSize - 1 - numUnfinalizedProposals;
        }
    }

    /// @dev Validates propose function inputs.
    /// @param _input The ProposeInput to validate
    function _validateProposeInput(ProposeInput memory _input) private view {
        require(_input.deadline == 0 || block.timestamp <= _input.deadline, DeadlineExceeded());
    }

    /// @dev Checks if the caller is an authorized prover
    /// @param _addr The address of the caller to check
    /// @return whitelistEnabled_ True if whitelist is enabled (proverCount > 0), false otherwise
    function _checkProver(address _addr) private view returns (bool whitelistEnabled_) {
        if (address(_proverWhitelist) == address(0)) return false;

        (bool isWhitelisted, uint256 proverCount) = _proverWhitelist.isProverWhitelisted(_addr);
        if (proverCount == 0) return false;

        require(isWhitelisted, ProverNotWhitelisted());
        return true;
    }

    /// @dev Validates the batch bounds in the Commitment and calculates the offset
    ///      to the first unfinalized proposal.
    /// @param _state The core state.
    /// @param _commitment The commitment data.
    /// @return numProposals_ The number of proposals in the batch.
    /// @return lastProposalId_ The ID of the last proposal in the batch.
    /// @return offset_ The offset to the first unfinalized proposal.
    function _validateCommitment(
        CoreState memory _state,
        Commitment memory _commitment
    )
        private
        pure
        returns (uint256 numProposals_, uint256 lastProposalId_, uint48 offset_)
    {
        unchecked {
            uint256 firstUnfinalizedId = _state.lastFinalizedProposalId + 1;

            numProposals_ = _commitment.transitions.length;
            require(numProposals_ > 0, EmptyBatch());
            require(_commitment.firstProposalId <= firstUnfinalizedId, FirstProposalIdTooLarge());

            lastProposalId_ = _commitment.firstProposalId + numProposals_ - 1;
            require(lastProposalId_ < _state.nextProposalId, LastProposalIdTooLarge());
            require(lastProposalId_ >= firstUnfinalizedId, LastProposalAlreadyFinalized());

            // Calculate offset to first unfinalized proposal.
            // Some proposals in _commitment.transitions[] may already be finalized.
            // The offset points to the first proposal that will be finalized.
            offset_ = uint48(firstUnfinalizedId - _commitment.firstProposalId);
        }
    }

    // ---------------------------------------------------------------
    // Errors
    // ---------------------------------------------------------------
    error ActivationRequired();
    error CannotProposeInCurrentBlock();
    error CheckpointDelayHasPassed();
    error DeadlineExceeded();
    error EmptyBatch();
    error FirstProposalIdTooLarge();
    error IncorrectProposalCount();
    error LastProposalAlreadyFinalized();
    error LastProposalHashMismatch();
    error LastProposalIdTooLarge();
    error NotEnoughCapacity();
    error ParentBlockHashMismatch();
    error ProverNotWhitelisted();
    error UnprocessedForcedInclusionIsDue();
}
          

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.9.0) (proxy/utils/UUPSUpgradeable.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "../../interfaces/draft-IERC1822.sol";
import "../ERC1967/ERC1967Upgrade.sol";

/**
 * @dev An upgradeability mechanism designed for UUPS proxies. The functions included here can perform an upgrade of an
 * {ERC1967Proxy}, when this contract is set as the implementation behind such a proxy.
 *
 * A security mechanism ensures that an upgrade does not turn off upgradeability accidentally, although this risk is
 * reinstated if the upgrade retains upgradeability but removes the security mechanism, e.g. by replacing
 * `UUPSUpgradeable` with a custom implementation of upgrades.
 *
 * The {_authorizeUpgrade} function must be overridden to include access restriction to the upgrade mechanism.
 *
 * _Available since v4.1._
 */
abstract contract UUPSUpgradeable is IERC1822Proxiable, ERC1967Upgrade {
    /// @custom:oz-upgrades-unsafe-allow state-variable-immutable state-variable-assignment
    address private immutable __self = address(this);

    /**
     * @dev Check that the execution is being performed through a delegatecall call and that the execution context is
     * a proxy contract with an implementation (as defined in ERC1967) pointing to self. This should only be the case
     * for UUPS and transparent proxies that are using the current contract as their implementation. Execution of a
     * function through ERC1167 minimal proxies (clones) would not normally pass this test, but is not guaranteed to
     * fail.
     */
    modifier onlyProxy() {
        require(address(this) != __self, "Function must be called through delegatecall");
        require(_getImplementation() == __self, "Function must be called through active proxy");
        _;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Check that the execution is not being performed through a delegate call. This allows a function to be
     * callable on the implementing contract but not through proxies.
     */
    modifier notDelegated() {
        require(address(this) == __self, "UUPSUpgradeable: must not be called through delegatecall");
        _;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Implementation of the ERC1822 {proxiableUUID} function. This returns the storage slot used by the
     * implementation. It is used to validate the implementation's compatibility when performing an upgrade.
     *
     * IMPORTANT: A proxy pointing at a proxiable contract should not be considered proxiable itself, because this risks
     * bricking a proxy that upgrades to it, by delegating to itself until out of gas. Thus it is critical that this
     * function revert if invoked through a proxy. This is guaranteed by the `notDelegated` modifier.
     */
    function proxiableUUID() external view virtual override notDelegated returns (bytes32) {
        return _IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Upgrade the implementation of the proxy to `newImplementation`.
     *
     * Calls {_authorizeUpgrade}.
     *
     * Emits an {Upgraded} event.
     *
     * @custom:oz-upgrades-unsafe-allow-reachable delegatecall
     */
    function upgradeTo(address newImplementation) public virtual onlyProxy {
        _authorizeUpgrade(newImplementation);
        _upgradeToAndCallUUPS(newImplementation, new bytes(0), false);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Upgrade the implementation of the proxy to `newImplementation`, and subsequently execute the function call
     * encoded in `data`.
     *
     * Calls {_authorizeUpgrade}.
     *
     * Emits an {Upgraded} event.
     *
     * @custom:oz-upgrades-unsafe-allow-reachable delegatecall
     */
    function upgradeToAndCall(address newImplementation, bytes memory data) public payable virtual onlyProxy {
        _authorizeUpgrade(newImplementation);
        _upgradeToAndCallUUPS(newImplementation, data, true);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Function that should revert when `msg.sender` is not authorized to upgrade the contract. Called by
     * {upgradeTo} and {upgradeToAndCall}.
     *
     * Normally, this function will use an xref:access.adoc[access control] modifier such as {Ownable-onlyOwner}.
     *
     * ```solidity
     * function _authorizeUpgrade(address) internal override onlyOwner {}
     * ```
     */
    function _authorizeUpgrade(address newImplementation) internal virtual;
}
          

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.24;

/// @title IProverWhitelist
/// @notice Interface for checking if an address is authorized to prove blocks
/// @custom:security-contact security@taiko.xyz
interface IProverWhitelist {
    /// @notice Checks if an address is a whitelisted prover
    /// @param _prover The address to check
    /// @return isWhitelisted_ True if the address is whitelisted, false otherwise
    /// @return proverCount_ The total number of whitelisted provers
    function isProverWhitelisted(address _prover)
        external
        view
        returns (bool isWhitelisted_, uint256 proverCount_);
}
          

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.9.0) (access/Ownable2Step.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "./OwnableUpgradeable.sol";
import {Initializable} from "../proxy/utils/Initializable.sol";

/**
 * @dev Contract module which provides access control mechanism, where
 * there is an account (an owner) that can be granted exclusive access to
 * specific functions.
 *
 * By default, the owner account will be the one that deploys the contract. This
 * can later be changed with {transferOwnership} and {acceptOwnership}.
 *
 * This module is used through inheritance. It will make available all functions
 * from parent (Ownable).
 */
abstract contract Ownable2StepUpgradeable is Initializable, OwnableUpgradeable {
    address private _pendingOwner;

    event OwnershipTransferStarted(address indexed previousOwner, address indexed newOwner);

    function __Ownable2Step_init() internal onlyInitializing {
        __Ownable_init_unchained();
    }

    function __Ownable2Step_init_unchained() internal onlyInitializing {
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns the address of the pending owner.
     */
    function pendingOwner() public view virtual returns (address) {
        return _pendingOwner;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Starts the ownership transfer of the contract to a new account. Replaces the pending transfer if there is one.
     * Can only be called by the current owner.
     */
    function transferOwnership(address newOwner) public virtual override onlyOwner {
        _pendingOwner = newOwner;
        emit OwnershipTransferStarted(owner(), newOwner);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Transfers ownership of the contract to a new account (`newOwner`) and deletes any pending owner.
     * Internal function without access restriction.
     */
    function _transferOwnership(address newOwner) internal virtual override {
        delete _pendingOwner;
        super._transferOwnership(newOwner);
    }

    /**
     * @dev The new owner accepts the ownership transfer.
     */
    function acceptOwnership() public virtual {
        address sender = _msgSender();
        require(pendingOwner() == sender, "Ownable2Step: caller is not the new owner");
        _transferOwnership(sender);
    }

    /**
     * @dev This empty reserved space is put in place to allow future versions to add new
     * variables without shifting down storage in the inheritance chain.
     * See https://docs.openzeppelin.com/contracts/4.x/upgradeable#storage_gaps
     */
    uint256[49] private __gap;
}
          

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.24;

import { IInbox } from "../iface/IInbox.sol";
import { LibPackUnpack as P } from "./LibPackUnpack.sol";

/// @title LibProposedEventCodec
/// @notice Compact encoder/decoder for ProposedEventPayload using LibPackUnpack.
/// @custom:security-contact security@taiko.xyz
library LibProposedEventCodec {
    /// @notice Encodes a ProposedEventPayload into bytes using compact encoding.
    function encode(IInbox.ProposedEventPayload memory _payload)
        internal
        pure
        returns (bytes memory encoded_)
    {
        uint256 bufferSize = calculateProposedEventSize(_payload.derivation.sources);
        encoded_ = new bytes(bufferSize);

        uint256 ptr = P.dataPtr(encoded_);

        ptr = P.packUint48(ptr, _payload.proposal.id);
        ptr = P.packAddress(ptr, _payload.proposal.proposer);
        ptr = P.packUint48(ptr, _payload.proposal.timestamp);
        ptr = P.packUint48(ptr, _payload.proposal.endOfSubmissionWindowTimestamp);
        ptr = P.packBytes32(ptr, _payload.proposal.parentProposalHash);

        ptr = P.packUint48(ptr, _payload.derivation.originBlockNumber);
        ptr = P.packBytes32(ptr, _payload.derivation.originBlockHash);
        ptr = P.packUint8(ptr, _payload.derivation.basefeeSharingPctg);

        uint256 sourcesLength = _payload.derivation.sources.length;
        P.checkArrayLength(sourcesLength);
        ptr = P.packUint16(ptr, uint16(sourcesLength));
        for (uint256 i; i < sourcesLength; ++i) {
            IInbox.DerivationSource memory source = _payload.derivation.sources[i];
            ptr = P.packUint8(ptr, source.isForcedInclusion ? 1 : 0);

            uint256 blobHashesLength = source.blobSlice.blobHashes.length;
            P.checkArrayLength(blobHashesLength);
            ptr = P.packUint16(ptr, uint16(blobHashesLength));
            for (uint256 j; j < blobHashesLength; ++j) {
                ptr = P.packBytes32(ptr, source.blobSlice.blobHashes[j]);
            }

            ptr = P.packUint24(ptr, source.blobSlice.offset);
            ptr = P.packUint48(ptr, source.blobSlice.timestamp);
        }

        ptr = P.packBytes32(ptr, _payload.proposal.derivationHash);
    }

    /// @notice Decodes bytes into a ProposedEventPayload using compact encoding.
    function decode(bytes memory _data)
        internal
        pure
        returns (IInbox.ProposedEventPayload memory payload_)
    {
        uint256 ptr = P.dataPtr(_data);

        (payload_.proposal.id, ptr) = P.unpackUint48(ptr);
        (payload_.proposal.proposer, ptr) = P.unpackAddress(ptr);
        (payload_.proposal.timestamp, ptr) = P.unpackUint48(ptr);
        (payload_.proposal.endOfSubmissionWindowTimestamp, ptr) = P.unpackUint48(ptr);
        (payload_.proposal.parentProposalHash, ptr) = P.unpackBytes32(ptr);

        (payload_.derivation.originBlockNumber, ptr) = P.unpackUint48(ptr);
        (payload_.derivation.originBlockHash, ptr) = P.unpackBytes32(ptr);
        (payload_.derivation.basefeeSharingPctg, ptr) = P.unpackUint8(ptr);

        uint16 sourcesLength;
        (sourcesLength, ptr) = P.unpackUint16(ptr);
        payload_.derivation.sources = new IInbox.DerivationSource[](sourcesLength);
        for (uint256 i; i < sourcesLength; ++i) {
            uint8 isForcedInclusion;
            (isForcedInclusion, ptr) = P.unpackUint8(ptr);
            payload_.derivation.sources[i].isForcedInclusion = isForcedInclusion != 0;

            uint16 blobHashesLength;
            (blobHashesLength, ptr) = P.unpackUint16(ptr);

            payload_.derivation.sources[i].blobSlice.blobHashes = new bytes32[](blobHashesLength);
            for (uint256 j; j < blobHashesLength; ++j) {
                (payload_.derivation.sources[i].blobSlice.blobHashes[j], ptr) = P.unpackBytes32(ptr);
            }

            (payload_.derivation.sources[i].blobSlice.offset, ptr) = P.unpackUint24(ptr);
            (payload_.derivation.sources[i].blobSlice.timestamp, ptr) = P.unpackUint48(ptr);
        }

        (payload_.proposal.derivationHash, ptr) = P.unpackBytes32(ptr);
    }

    /// @notice Calculate the exact byte size needed for encoding a ProposedEventPayload.
    function calculateProposedEventSize(IInbox.DerivationSource[] memory _sources)
        internal
        pure
        returns (uint256 size_)
    {
        unchecked {
            // Fixed size without sources: 143 bytes
            // Proposal: id(6) + proposer(20) + timestamp(6) + endOfSubmissionWindowTimestamp(6) +
            // parentProposalHash(32)
            // Derivation base: originBlockNumber(6) + originBlockHash(32) + basefeeSharingPctg(1)
            // Sources length: 2
            // Proposal hash: derivationHash(32)
            size_ = 143;

            for (uint256 i; i < _sources.length; ++i) {
                size_ += 12 + (_sources[i].blobSlice.blobHashes.length * 32);
            }
        }
    }
}
          

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.24;

/// @title LibBonds
/// @notice Library for managing bond instructions
/// @custom:security-contact security@taiko.xyz
library LibBonds {
    // ---------------------------------------------------------------
    // Enums
    // ---------------------------------------------------------------

    enum BondType {
        NONE,
        LIVENESS
    }

    // ---------------------------------------------------------------
    // Structs
    // ---------------------------------------------------------------

    struct BondInstruction {
        uint48 proposalId;
        BondType bondType;
        address payer;
        address payee;
    }

    // ---------------------------------------------------------------
    // Functions
    // ---------------------------------------------------------------

    /// @dev Hashing for BondInstruction structs using keccak256 and abi.encode
    /// @dev This function is not optimized using EfficientHashLib for
    ///      gas savings because it's not expected to be called frequently.
    /// @param _bondInstruction The bond instruction to hash
    /// @return The hash of the bond instruction
    function hashBondInstruction(BondInstruction memory _bondInstruction)
        internal
        pure
        returns (bytes32)
    {
        /// forge-lint: disable-next-line(asm-keccak256)
        return keccak256(abi.encode(_bondInstruction));
    }
}
          

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (utils/introspection/IERC165.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev Interface of the ERC165 standard, as defined in the
 * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-165[EIP].
 *
 * Implementers can declare support of contract interfaces, which can then be
 * queried by others ({ERC165Checker}).
 *
 * For an implementation, see {ERC165}.
 */
interface IERC165 {
    /**
     * @dev Returns true if this contract implements the interface defined by
     * `interfaceId`. See the corresponding
     * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-165#how-interfaces-are-identified[EIP section]
     * to learn more about how these ids are created.
     *
     * This function call must use less than 30 000 gas.
     */
    function supportsInterface(bytes4 interfaceId) external view returns (bool);
}
          

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.24;

/// @title ICheckpointStore
/// @notice Interface for storing and retrieving checkpoints
/// @custom:security-contact security@taiko.xyz
interface ICheckpointStore {
    // ---------------------------------------------------------------
    // Structs
    // ---------------------------------------------------------------

    /// @notice Represents a synced checkpoint
    struct Checkpoint {
        /// @notice The block number associated with the checkpoint.
        uint48 blockNumber;
        /// @notice The block hash for the end (last) L2 block in this proposal.
        bytes32 blockHash;
        /// @notice The state root for the end (last) L2 block in this proposal.
        bytes32 stateRoot;
    }

    // ---------------------------------------------------------------
    // Events
    // ---------------------------------------------------------------

    /// @notice Emitted when a checkpoint is saved
    /// @param blockNumber The block number
    /// @param blockHash The block hash
    /// @param stateRoot The state root
    event CheckpointSaved(uint48 indexed blockNumber, bytes32 blockHash, bytes32 stateRoot);

    // ---------------------------------------------------------------
    // External Functions
    // ---------------------------------------------------------------

    /// @notice Saves a checkpoint
    /// @param _checkpoint The checkpoint data to persist
    function saveCheckpoint(Checkpoint calldata _checkpoint) external;

    /// @notice Gets a checkpoint by its block number
    /// @param _blockNumber The block number associated with the checkpoint
    /// @return _ The checkpoint
    function getCheckpoint(uint48 _blockNumber) external view returns (Checkpoint memory);
}
          

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.24;

/// @title LibPackUnpack
/// @notice Library providing low-level packing/unpacking functions for compact binary encoding
/// using inline assembly for maximum gas efficiency.
/// @dev This library implements a trust-the-caller pattern with no bounds checking for optimal
/// performance. Callers are responsible for:
/// - Allocating sufficient memory for pack operations
/// - Ensuring data has sufficient length for unpack operations
/// - Tracking position offsets correctly
///
/// Memory Layout:
/// - Pack functions write directly to memory at absolute positions
/// - Unpack functions read from memory at absolute positions
/// - All multi-byte integers use big-endian encoding
/// - Position tracking is left to the caller
///
/// Safety Notes:
/// - No overflow protection on position increments (caller's responsibility)
/// - No bounds checking on memory access (gas-optimized design)
/// - Suitable for controlled environments where input validation happens upstream
///
/// Usage Example:
/// ```solidity
/// bytes memory buffer = new bytes(100);
/// uint256 pos = LibPackUnpack.dataPtr(buffer);
/// pos = LibPackUnpack.packUint32(pos, 12345);
/// pos = LibPackUnpack.packAddress(pos, msg.sender);
/// ```
/// @custom:security-contact security@taiko.xyz
library LibPackUnpack {
    // ---------------------------------------------------------------
    // Pack Functions (write to buffer with compact encoding)
    // ---------------------------------------------------------------

    /// @notice Pack uint8 (1 byte) at position
    /// @dev Writes a single byte to memory at the specified position.
    /// @param _pos Absolute memory position to write at
    /// @param _value The uint8 value to pack (0-255)
    /// @return newPos_ Updated position after writing (pos + 1)
    function packUint8(uint256 _pos, uint8 _value) internal pure returns (uint256 newPos_) {
        assembly {
            mstore8(_pos, _value)
            newPos_ := add(_pos, 1)
        }
    }

    /// @notice Pack uint16 (2 bytes) at position using big-endian encoding
    /// @dev Optimized to use mstore instead of 2 individual mstore8 operations.
    /// @param _pos Absolute memory position to write at
    /// @param _value The uint16 value to pack (0-65535)
    /// @return newPos_ Updated position after writing (pos + 2)
    function packUint16(uint256 _pos, uint16 _value) internal pure returns (uint256 newPos_) {
        assembly {
            // Shift value left by 30 bytes (240 bits) to align at the start of a 32-byte word
            let shifted := shl(240, _value)

            // Store the shifted value at position
            mstore(_pos, shifted)

            newPos_ := add(_pos, 2)
        }
    }

    /// @notice Pack uint24 (3 bytes) at position using big-endian encoding
    /// @dev Optimized to use mstore instead of 3 individual mstore8 operations.
    /// @param _pos Absolute memory position to write at
    /// @param _value The uint24 value to pack (0-16777215)
    /// @return newPos_ Updated position after writing (pos + 3)
    function packUint24(uint256 _pos, uint24 _value) internal pure returns (uint256 newPos_) {
        assembly {
            // Shift value left by 29 bytes (232 bits) to align at the start of a 32-byte word
            let shifted := shl(232, _value)

            // Store the shifted value at position
            mstore(_pos, shifted)

            newPos_ := add(_pos, 3)
        }
    }

    /// @notice Pack uint32 (4 bytes) at position using big-endian encoding
    /// @dev Optimized to use mstore instead of 4 individual mstore8 operations.
    /// @param _pos Absolute memory position to write at
    /// @param _value The uint32 value to pack (0-4294967295)
    /// @return newPos_ Updated position after writing (pos + 4)
    function packUint32(uint256 _pos, uint32 _value) internal pure returns (uint256 newPos_) {
        assembly {
            // Shift value left by 28 bytes (224 bits) to align at the start of a 32-byte word
            let shifted := shl(224, _value)

            // Store the shifted value at position
            mstore(_pos, shifted)

            newPos_ := add(_pos, 4)
        }
    }

    /// @notice Pack uint48 (6 bytes) at position using big-endian encoding
    /// @dev Optimized to use mstore instead of 6 individual mstore8 operations.
    /// Common use case: block numbers that exceed uint32 range.
    /// @param _pos Absolute memory position to write at
    /// @param _value The uint48 value to pack (0-281474976710655)
    /// @return newPos_ Updated position after writing (pos + 6)
    function packUint48(uint256 _pos, uint48 _value) internal pure returns (uint256 newPos_) {
        assembly {
            // Shift value left by 26 bytes (208 bits) to align at the start of a 32-byte word
            let shifted := shl(208, _value)

            // Store the shifted value at position
            mstore(_pos, shifted)

            newPos_ := add(_pos, 6)
        }
    }

    /// @notice Pack uint256 (32 bytes) at position
    /// @dev Uses single mstore for efficiency, writes full 32-byte word.
    /// @param _pos Absolute memory position to write at (best if 32-byte aligned)
    /// @param _value The uint256 value to pack
    /// @return newPos_ Updated position after writing (pos + 32)
    function packUint256(
        uint256 _pos,
        uint256 _value
    )
        internal
        pure
        returns (uint256 newPos_)
    {
        assembly {
            mstore(_pos, _value)
            newPos_ := add(_pos, 32)
        }
    }

    /// @notice Pack bytes32 at position
    /// @dev Direct 32-byte write, commonly used for hashes and identifiers.
    /// @param _pos Absolute memory position to write at (best if 32-byte aligned)
    /// @param _value The bytes32 value to pack (hash, identifier, etc.)
    /// @return newPos_ Updated position after writing (pos + 32)
    function packBytes32(
        uint256 _pos,
        bytes32 _value
    )
        internal
        pure
        returns (uint256 newPos_)
    {
        assembly {
            mstore(_pos, _value)
            newPos_ := add(_pos, 32)
        }
    }

    /// @notice Pack address (20 bytes) at position
    /// @dev Optimized to use mstore instead of 20 individual mstore8 operations.
    /// Handles alignment by using a single mstore with proper shifting.
    /// @param _pos Absolute memory position to write at
    /// @param _value The address to pack
    /// @return newPos_ Updated position after writing (pos + 20)
    function packAddress(
        uint256 _pos,
        address _value
    )
        internal
        pure
        returns (uint256 newPos_)
    {
        assembly {
            // Shift address left by 12 bytes (96 bits) to align it properly in a 32-byte word
            // This places the 20-byte address at the start of the word with 12 bytes of padding
            let shifted := shl(96, _value)

            // Store the shifted address at position
            // This writes 32 bytes, but we only care about the first 20
            mstore(_pos, shifted)

            newPos_ := add(_pos, 20)
        }
    }

    // ---------------------------------------------------------------
    // Unpack Functions (read from buffer with compact encoding)
    // ---------------------------------------------------------------

    /// @notice Unpack uint8 (1 byte) from position
    /// @dev Optimized to use shift operation instead of byte operation.
    /// @param _pos Absolute memory position to read from
    /// @return value_ The unpacked uint8 value
    /// @return newPos_ Updated position after reading (pos + 1)
    function unpackUint8(uint256 _pos) internal pure returns (uint8 value_, uint256 newPos_) {
        assembly {
            // Load full word and shift right by 248 bits (31 bytes) to get the 1 byte we need
            value_ := shr(248, mload(_pos))
            newPos_ := add(_pos, 1)
        }
    }

    /// @notice Unpack uint16 (2 bytes) from position using big-endian encoding
    /// @dev Optimized to use 1 mload operation instead of 2 byte reads.
    /// @param _pos Absolute memory position to read from
    /// @return value_ The unpacked uint16 value
    /// @return newPos_ Updated position after reading (pos + 2)
    function unpackUint16(uint256 _pos) internal pure returns (uint16 value_, uint256 newPos_) {
        assembly {
            // Load full word and shift right by 240 bits (30 bytes) to get the 2 bytes we need
            value_ := shr(240, mload(_pos))
            newPos_ := add(_pos, 2)
        }
    }

    /// @notice Unpack uint24 (3 bytes) from position using big-endian encoding
    /// @dev Optimized to use 1 mload operation instead of 3 byte reads.
    /// @param _pos Absolute memory position to read from
    /// @return value_ The unpacked uint24 value
    /// @return newPos_ Updated position after reading (pos + 3)
    function unpackUint24(uint256 _pos) internal pure returns (uint24 value_, uint256 newPos_) {
        assembly {
            // Load full word and shift right by 232 bits (29 bytes) to get the 3 bytes we need
            value_ := shr(232, mload(_pos))
            newPos_ := add(_pos, 3)
        }
    }

    /// @notice Unpack uint32 (4 bytes) from position using big-endian encoding
    /// @dev Optimized to use 1 mload operation instead of 4 byte reads.
    /// @param _pos Absolute memory position to read from
    /// @return value_ The unpacked uint32 value
    /// @return newPos_ Updated position after reading (pos + 4)
    function unpackUint32(uint256 _pos) internal pure returns (uint32 value_, uint256 newPos_) {
        assembly {
            // Load full word and shift right by 224 bits (28 bytes) to get the 4 bytes we need
            value_ := shr(224, mload(_pos))
            newPos_ := add(_pos, 4)
        }
    }

    /// @notice Unpack uint48 (6 bytes) from position using big-endian encoding
    /// @dev Optimized to use 1 mload operation instead of 6 byte reads.
    /// @param _pos Absolute memory position to read from
    /// @return value_ The unpacked uint48 value
    /// @return newPos_ Updated position after reading (pos + 6)
    function unpackUint48(uint256 _pos) internal pure returns (uint48 value_, uint256 newPos_) {
        assembly {
            // Load full word and shift right by 208 bits (26 bytes) to get the 6 bytes we need
            value_ := shr(208, mload(_pos))
            newPos_ := add(_pos, 6)
        }
    }

    /// @notice Unpack uint256 (32 bytes) from position
    /// @dev Single mload for efficiency. Reads full 32-byte word.
    /// @param _pos Absolute memory position to read from (best if 32-byte aligned)
    /// @return value_ The unpacked uint256 value
    /// @return newPos_ Updated position after reading (pos + 32)
    function unpackUint256(uint256 _pos) internal pure returns (uint256 value_, uint256 newPos_) {
        assembly {
            value_ := mload(_pos)
            newPos_ := add(_pos, 32)
        }
    }

    /// @notice Unpack bytes32 from position
    /// @dev Direct 32-byte read for hashes and identifiers.
    /// @param _pos Absolute memory position to read from (best if 32-byte aligned)
    /// @return value_ The unpacked bytes32 value
    /// @return newPos_ Updated position after reading (pos + 32)
    function unpackBytes32(uint256 _pos) internal pure returns (bytes32 value_, uint256 newPos_) {
        assembly {
            value_ := mload(_pos)
            newPos_ := add(_pos, 32)
        }
    }

    /// @notice Unpack address (20 bytes) from position
    /// @dev Optimized to use only 1 mload operation instead of 20 individual byte reads.
    /// Reads one full word and shifts to extract the address bytes.
    /// @param _pos Absolute memory position to read from
    /// @return value_ The unpacked address
    /// @return newPos_ Updated position after reading (pos + 20)
    function unpackAddress(uint256 _pos) internal pure returns (address value_, uint256 newPos_) {
        assembly {
            // Load the full 32-byte word starting at _pos
            let word := mload(_pos)
            // Shift right by 96 bits (12 bytes) to align the 20-byte address to the right
            // This removes the 12 trailing bytes and keeps the first 20 bytes
            value_ := shr(96, word)
            newPos_ := add(_pos, 20)
        }
    }

    // ---------------------------------------------------------------
    // Utility Functions
    // ---------------------------------------------------------------

    /// @notice Get the memory pointer to the data section of a bytes array
    /// @dev Skips the 32-byte length prefix to point at actual data.
    /// Essential for converting bytes memory to absolute position for pack/unpack operations.
    /// @param _data The bytes array to get data pointer from
    /// @return ptr_ The absolute memory pointer to the actual data (data location + 0x20)
    function dataPtr(bytes memory _data) internal pure returns (uint256 ptr_) {
        assembly {
            ptr_ := add(_data, 0x20)
        }
    }

    /// @notice Check that an array length fits within uint16 bounds
    /// @dev Reverts if the length exceeds uint16 maximum value (65535).
    /// Useful as a validation guard before packing array lengths.
    /// @param _length The array length to validate
    function checkArrayLength(uint256 _length) internal pure {
        require(_length <= type(uint16).max, LengthExceedsUint16());
    }

    // ---------------------------------------------------------------
    // Errors
    // ---------------------------------------------------------------

    error LengthExceedsUint16();
}
          

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.24;

import { IInbox } from "../iface/IInbox.sol";
import { LibPackUnpack as P } from "./LibPackUnpack.sol";

/// @title LibProposeInputCodec
/// @notice Compact encoder/decoder for propose inputs using LibPackUnpack.
/// @custom:security-contact security@taiko.xyz
library LibProposeInputCodec {
    /// @notice Encodes propose data using compact packing.
    function encode(IInbox.ProposeInput memory _input)
        internal
        pure
        returns (bytes memory encoded_)
    {
        encoded_ = new bytes(14);
        uint256 ptr = P.dataPtr(encoded_);
        ptr = P.packUint48(ptr, _input.deadline);
        ptr = P.packUint16(ptr, _input.blobReference.blobStartIndex);
        ptr = P.packUint16(ptr, _input.blobReference.numBlobs);
        ptr = P.packUint24(ptr, _input.blobReference.offset);
        ptr = P.packUint8(ptr, _input.numForcedInclusions);
    }

    /// @notice Decodes propose data using compact packing.
    function decode(bytes memory _data) internal pure returns (IInbox.ProposeInput memory input_) {
        uint256 ptr = P.dataPtr(_data);
        (input_.deadline, ptr) = P.unpackUint48(ptr);
        (input_.blobReference.blobStartIndex, ptr) = P.unpackUint16(ptr);
        (input_.blobReference.numBlobs, ptr) = P.unpackUint16(ptr);
        (input_.blobReference.offset, ptr) = P.unpackUint24(ptr);
        (input_.numForcedInclusions, ptr) = P.unpackUint8(ptr);
    }
}
          

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.9.0) (interfaces/IERC1967.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev ERC-1967: Proxy Storage Slots. This interface contains the events defined in the ERC.
 *
 * _Available since v4.8.3._
 */
interface IERC1967 {
    /**
     * @dev Emitted when the implementation is upgraded.
     */
    event Upgraded(address indexed implementation);

    /**
     * @dev Emitted when the admin account has changed.
     */
    event AdminChanged(address previousAdmin, address newAdmin);

    /**
     * @dev Emitted when the beacon is changed.
     */
    event BeaconUpgraded(address indexed beacon);
}
          

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.9.0) (utils/Address.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.1;

/**
 * @dev Collection of functions related to the address type
 */
library Address {
    /**
     * @dev Returns true if `account` is a contract.
     *
     * [IMPORTANT]
     * ====
     * It is unsafe to assume that an address for which this function returns
     * false is an externally-owned account (EOA) and not a contract.
     *
     * Among others, `isContract` will return false for the following
     * types of addresses:
     *
     *  - an externally-owned account
     *  - a contract in construction
     *  - an address where a contract will be created
     *  - an address where a contract lived, but was destroyed
     *
     * Furthermore, `isContract` will also return true if the target contract within
     * the same transaction is already scheduled for destruction by `SELFDESTRUCT`,
     * which only has an effect at the end of a transaction.
     * ====
     *
     * [IMPORTANT]
     * ====
     * You shouldn't rely on `isContract` to protect against flash loan attacks!
     *
     * Preventing calls from contracts is highly discouraged. It breaks composability, breaks support for smart wallets
     * like Gnosis Safe, and does not provide security since it can be circumvented by calling from a contract
     * constructor.
     * ====
     */
    function isContract(address account) internal view returns (bool) {
        // This method relies on extcodesize/address.code.length, which returns 0
        // for contracts in construction, since the code is only stored at the end
        // of the constructor execution.

        return account.code.length > 0;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Replacement for Solidity's `transfer`: sends `amount` wei to
     * `recipient`, forwarding all available gas and reverting on errors.
     *
     * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1884[EIP1884] increases the gas cost
     * of certain opcodes, possibly making contracts go over the 2300 gas limit
     * imposed by `transfer`, making them unable to receive funds via
     * `transfer`. {sendValue} removes this limitation.
     *
     * https://consensys.net/diligence/blog/2019/09/stop-using-soliditys-transfer-now/[Learn more].
     *
     * IMPORTANT: because control is transferred to `recipient`, care must be
     * taken to not create reentrancy vulnerabilities. Consider using
     * {ReentrancyGuard} or the
     * https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/v0.8.0/security-considerations.html#use-the-checks-effects-interactions-pattern[checks-effects-interactions pattern].
     */
    function sendValue(address payable recipient, uint256 amount) internal {
        require(address(this).balance >= amount, "Address: insufficient balance");

        (bool success, ) = recipient.call{value: amount}("");
        require(success, "Address: unable to send value, recipient may have reverted");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Performs a Solidity function call using a low level `call`. A
     * plain `call` is an unsafe replacement for a function call: use this
     * function instead.
     *
     * If `target` reverts with a revert reason, it is bubbled up by this
     * function (like regular Solidity function calls).
     *
     * Returns the raw returned data. To convert to the expected return value,
     * use https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/latest/units-and-global-variables.html?highlight=abi.decode#abi-encoding-and-decoding-functions[`abi.decode`].
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `target` must be a contract.
     * - calling `target` with `data` must not revert.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionCallWithValue(target, data, 0, "Address: low-level call failed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`], but with
     * `errorMessage` as a fallback revert reason when `target` reverts.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCall(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionCallWithValue(target, data, 0, errorMessage);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
     * but also transferring `value` wei to `target`.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - the calling contract must have an ETH balance of at least `value`.
     * - the called Solidity function must be `payable`.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCallWithValue(address target, bytes memory data, uint256 value) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionCallWithValue(target, data, value, "Address: low-level call with value failed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCallWithValue-address-bytes-uint256-}[`functionCallWithValue`], but
     * with `errorMessage` as a fallback revert reason when `target` reverts.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCallWithValue(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        uint256 value,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        require(address(this).balance >= value, "Address: insufficient balance for call");
        (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.call{value: value}(data);
        return verifyCallResultFromTarget(target, success, returndata, errorMessage);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a static call.
     *
     * _Available since v3.3._
     */
    function functionStaticCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionStaticCall(target, data, "Address: low-level static call failed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-string-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a static call.
     *
     * _Available since v3.3._
     */
    function functionStaticCall(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
        (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.staticcall(data);
        return verifyCallResultFromTarget(target, success, returndata, errorMessage);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a delegate call.
     *
     * _Available since v3.4._
     */
    function functionDelegateCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionDelegateCall(target, data, "Address: low-level delegate call failed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-string-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a delegate call.
     *
     * _Available since v3.4._
     */
    function functionDelegateCall(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.delegatecall(data);
        return verifyCallResultFromTarget(target, success, returndata, errorMessage);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Tool to verify that a low level call to smart-contract was successful, and revert (either by bubbling
     * the revert reason or using the provided one) in case of unsuccessful call or if target was not a contract.
     *
     * _Available since v4.8._
     */
    function verifyCallResultFromTarget(
        address target,
        bool success,
        bytes memory returndata,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
        if (success) {
            if (returndata.length == 0) {
                // only check isContract if the call was successful and the return data is empty
                // otherwise we already know that it was a contract
                require(isContract(target), "Address: call to non-contract");
            }
            return returndata;
        } else {
            _revert(returndata, errorMessage);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Tool to verify that a low level call was successful, and revert if it wasn't, either by bubbling the
     * revert reason or using the provided one.
     *
     * _Available since v4.3._
     */
    function verifyCallResult(
        bool success,
        bytes memory returndata,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal pure returns (bytes memory) {
        if (success) {
            return returndata;
        } else {
            _revert(returndata, errorMessage);
        }
    }

    function _revert(bytes memory returndata, string memory errorMessage) private pure {
        // Look for revert reason and bubble it up if present
        if (returndata.length > 0) {
            // The easiest way to bubble the revert reason is using memory via assembly
            /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
            assembly {
                let returndata_size := mload(returndata)
                revert(add(32, returndata), returndata_size)
            }
        } else {
            revert(errorMessage);
        }
    }
}
          

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.24;

import "@openzeppelin/contracts/utils/introspection/IERC165.sol";

/// @title LibAddress
/// @dev Provides utilities for address-related operations.
/// @custom:security-contact security@taiko.xyz
library LibAddress {
    error ETH_TRANSFER_FAILED();

    /// @dev Sends Ether to the specified address. This method will not revert even if sending ether
    /// fails.
    /// This function is inspired by
    /// https://github.com/nomad-xyz/ExcessivelySafeCall/blob/main/src/ExcessivelySafeCall.sol
    /// @param _to The recipient address.
    /// @param _amount The amount of Ether to send in wei.
    /// @param _gasLimit The max amount gas to pay for this transaction.
    /// @return success_ true if the call is successful, false otherwise.
    function sendEther(
        address _to,
        uint256 _amount,
        uint256 _gasLimit,
        bytes memory _calldata
    )
        internal
        returns (bool success_)
    {
        // Check for zero-address transactions
        require(_to != address(0), ETH_TRANSFER_FAILED());
        // dispatch message to recipient
        // by assembly calling "handle" function
        // we call via assembly to avoid memcopying a very large returndata
        // returned by a malicious contract
        assembly ("memory-safe") {
            success_ := call(
                _gasLimit, // gas
                _to, // recipient
                _amount, // ether value
                add(_calldata, 0x20), // inloc
                mload(_calldata), // inlen
                0, // outloc
                0 // outlen
            )
        }
    }

    /// @dev Sends Ether to the specified address. This method will revert if sending ether fails.
    /// @param _to The recipient address.
    /// @param _amount The amount of Ether to send in wei.
    /// @param _gasLimit The max amount gas to pay for this transaction.
    function sendEtherAndVerify(address _to, uint256 _amount, uint256 _gasLimit) internal {
        if (_amount == 0) return;
        require(sendEther(_to, _amount, _gasLimit, ""), ETH_TRANSFER_FAILED());
    }

    /// @dev Sends Ether to the specified address. This method will revert if sending ether fails.
    /// @param _to The recipient address.
    /// @param _amount The amount of Ether to send in wei.
    function sendEtherAndVerify(address _to, uint256 _amount) internal {
        sendEtherAndVerify(_to, _amount, gasleft());
    }

    function supportsInterface(
        address _addr,
        bytes4 _interfaceId
    )
        internal
        view
        returns (bool result_)
    {
        (bool success, bytes memory data) =
            _addr.staticcall(abi.encodeCall(IERC165.supportsInterface, (_interfaceId)));
        if (success && data.length == 32) {
            result_ = abi.decode(data, (bool));
        }
    }
}
          

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.24;

import "./IResolver.sol";
import "@openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable/access/Ownable2StepUpgradeable.sol";
import "@openzeppelin/contracts/proxy/utils/UUPSUpgradeable.sol";

/// @title EssentialContract
/// @custom:security-contact security@taiko.xyz
abstract contract EssentialContract is UUPSUpgradeable, Ownable2StepUpgradeable {
    // ---------------------------------------------------------------
    // Constants and Immutable Variables
    // ---------------------------------------------------------------
    uint8 internal constant _FALSE = 1;
    uint8 internal constant _TRUE = 2;

    address internal immutable __resolver;

    // ---------------------------------------------------------------
    // State Variables
    // ---------------------------------------------------------------

    uint256[50] private __gapFromOldAddressResolver;

    /// @dev Slot 1.
    uint8 internal __reentry;
    uint8 internal __paused;

    uint256[49] private __gap;

    // ---------------------------------------------------------------
    // Events
    // ---------------------------------------------------------------

    /// @notice Emitted when the contract is paused.
    /// @param account The account that paused the contract.
    event Paused(address account);

    /// @notice Emitted when the contract is unpaused.
    /// @param account The account that unpaused the contract.
    event Unpaused(address account);

    error INVALID_PAUSE_STATUS();
    error FUNC_NOT_IMPLEMENTED();
    error REENTRANT_CALL();
    error ACCESS_DENIED();
    error ZERO_ADDRESS();
    error ZERO_VALUE();

    // ---------------------------------------------------------------
    // Modifiers
    // ---------------------------------------------------------------

    /// @dev Modifier that ensures the caller is either the owner or a specified address.
    /// @param _addr The address to check against.
    modifier onlyFromOwnerOr(address _addr) {
        _checkOwnerOr(_addr);
        _;
    }

    /// @dev Modifier that reverts the function call, indicating it is not implemented.
    modifier notImplemented() {
        revert FUNC_NOT_IMPLEMENTED();
        _;
    }

    /// @dev Modifier that prevents reentrant calls to a function.
    modifier nonReentrant() {
        _checkReentrancy();
        _storeReentryLock(_TRUE);
        _;
        _storeReentryLock(_FALSE);
    }

    /// @dev Modifier that allows function execution only when the contract is paused.
    modifier whenPaused() {
        _checkPaused();
        _;
    }

    /// @dev Modifier that allows function execution only when the contract is not paused.
    modifier whenNotPaused() {
        _checkNotPaused();
        _;
    }

    /// @dev Modifier that ensures the provided address is not the zero address.
    /// @param _addr The address to check.
    modifier nonZeroAddr(address _addr) {
        _checkNonZeroAddr(_addr);
        _;
    }

    /// @dev Modifier that ensures the provided value is not zero.
    /// @param _value The value to check.
    modifier nonZeroValue(uint256 _value) {
        _checkNonZeroValue(_value);
        _;
    }

    /// @dev Modifier that ensures the provided bytes32 value is not zero.
    /// @param _value The bytes32 value to check.
    modifier nonZeroBytes32(bytes32 _value) {
        _checkNonZeroBytes32(_value);
        _;
    }

    /// @dev Modifier that ensures the caller is either of the two specified addresses.
    /// @param _addr1 The first address to check against.
    /// @param _addr2 The second address to check against.
    modifier onlyFromEither(address _addr1, address _addr2) {
        _checkFromEither(_addr1, _addr2);
        _;
    }

    /// @dev Modifier that ensures the caller is the specified address.
    /// @param _addr The address to check against.
    modifier onlyFrom(address _addr) {
        _checkFrom(_addr);
        _;
    }

    /// @dev Modifier that ensures the caller is the specified address.
    /// @param _addr The address to check against.
    modifier onlyFromOptional(address _addr) {
        _checkFromOptional(_addr);
        _;
    }

    // ---------------------------------------------------------------
    // Constructor
    // ---------------------------------------------------------------

    constructor() {
        _disableInitializers();
    }

    // ---------------------------------------------------------------
    // External & Public Functions
    // ---------------------------------------------------------------

    /// @notice Pauses the contract.
    function pause() public whenNotPaused {
        _pause();
        emit Paused(msg.sender);
        // We call the authorize function here to avoid:
        // Warning (5740): Unreachable code.
        _authorizePause(msg.sender, true);
    }

    /// @notice Unpauses the contract.
    function unpause() public whenPaused {
        _unpause();
        emit Unpaused(msg.sender);
        // We call the authorize function here to avoid:
        // Warning (5740): Unreachable code.
        _authorizePause(msg.sender, false);
    }

    function impl() public view returns (address) {
        return _getImplementation();
    }

    /// @notice Returns true if the contract is paused, and false otherwise.
    /// @return true if paused, false otherwise.
    function paused() public view virtual returns (bool) {
        return __paused == _TRUE;
    }

    function inNonReentrant() public view returns (bool) {
        return _loadReentryLock() == _TRUE;
    }

    /// @notice Returns the address of this contract.
    /// @return The address of this contract.
    function resolver() public view virtual returns (address) {
        return __resolver;
    }

    // ---------------------------------------------------------------
    // Internal Functions
    // ---------------------------------------------------------------

    /// @notice Initializes the contract.
    /// @param _owner The owner of this contract. msg.sender will be used if this value is zero.
    function __Essential_init(address _owner) internal virtual onlyInitializing {
        __Context_init();
        _transferOwnership(_owner == address(0) ? msg.sender : _owner);
        __paused = _FALSE;
    }

    function _pause() internal virtual {
        __paused = _TRUE;
    }

    function _unpause() internal virtual {
        __paused = _FALSE;
    }

    function _authorizeUpgrade(address) internal virtual override onlyOwner { }

    function _authorizePause(address, bool) internal virtual onlyOwner { }

    // Stores the reentry lock
    function _storeReentryLock(uint8 _reentry) internal virtual {
        __reentry = _reentry;
    }

    // Loads the reentry lock
    function _loadReentryLock() internal view virtual returns (uint8 reentry_) {
        reentry_ = __reentry;
    }

    // ---------------------------------------------------------------
    // Private Functions
    // ---------------------------------------------------------------

    function _checkOwnerOr(address _addr) private view {
        require(msg.sender == owner() || msg.sender == _addr, ACCESS_DENIED());
    }

    function _checkReentrancy() private view {
        require(_loadReentryLock() != _TRUE, REENTRANT_CALL());
    }

    function _checkPaused() private view {
        require(paused(), INVALID_PAUSE_STATUS());
    }

    function _checkNotPaused() private view {
        require(!paused(), INVALID_PAUSE_STATUS());
    }

    function _checkNonZeroAddr(address _addr) private pure {
        require(_addr != address(0), ZERO_ADDRESS());
    }

    function _checkNonZeroValue(uint256 _value) private pure {
        require(_value != 0, ZERO_VALUE());
    }

    function _checkNonZeroBytes32(bytes32 _value) private pure {
        require(_value != 0, ZERO_VALUE());
    }

    function _checkFromEither(address _addr1, address _addr2) private view {
        require(msg.sender == _addr1 || msg.sender == _addr2, ACCESS_DENIED());
    }

    function _checkFrom(address _addr) private view {
        require(msg.sender == _addr, ACCESS_DENIED());
    }

    function _checkFromOptional(address _addr) private view {
        require(_addr == address(0) || msg.sender == _addr, ACCESS_DENIED());
    }
}
          

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.24;

/// @title LibMath
/// @dev This library offers additional math functions for uint256.
/// @custom:security-contact security@taiko.xyz
library LibMath {
    /// @dev Returns the smaller of the two given values.
    /// @param _a The first number to compare.
    /// @param _b The second number to compare.
    /// @return The smaller of the two numbers.
    function min(uint256 _a, uint256 _b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        return _a > _b ? _b : _a;
    }

    /// @dev Returns the larger of the two given values.
    /// @param _a The first number to compare.
    /// @param _b The second number to compare.
    /// @return The larger of the two numbers.
    function max(uint256 _a, uint256 _b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        return _a > _b ? _a : _b;
    }

    function capToUint64(uint256 _value) internal pure returns (uint64) {
        return uint64(min(_value, type(uint64).max));
    }
}
          

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.24;

import { IForcedInclusionStore } from "../iface/IForcedInclusionStore.sol";
import { LibBlobs } from "../libs/LibBlobs.sol";
import { LibMath } from "src/shared/libs/LibMath.sol";

/// @title LibForcedInclusion
/// @dev Library for storing and managing forced inclusion requests. Forced inclusions
/// allow users to pay a fee to ensure their transactions are included in a block. The library
/// maintains a FIFO queue of inclusion requests.
/// @dev Inclusion delay is measured in seconds, since we don't have an easy way to get batch number
/// in the Shasta design.
/// @dev Forced inclusions are limited to 1 blob only, and one L2 block only(this and other protocol
/// constrains are enforced by the node and verified by the prover)
/// @custom:security-contact security@taiko.xyz
library LibForcedInclusion {
    using LibMath for uint48;
    using LibMath for uint256;

    // ---------------------------------------------------------------
    //  Structs
    // ---------------------------------------------------------------

    /// @dev Storage for the forced inclusion queue. This struct uses 2 slots.
    /// @dev 2 slots used
    struct Storage {
        mapping(uint256 id => IForcedInclusionStore.ForcedInclusion inclusion) queue;
        /// @notice The index of the oldest forced inclusion in the queue. This is where items will
        /// be dequeued.
        uint48 head;
        /// @notice The index of the next free slot in the queue. This is where items will be
        /// enqueued.
        uint48 tail;
    }

    // ---------------------------------------------------------------
    //  Public Functions
    // ---------------------------------------------------------------

    /// @dev See `IForcedInclusionStore.saveForcedInclusion`
    function saveForcedInclusion(
        Storage storage $,
        uint64 _baseFeeInGwei,
        uint64 _feeDoubleThreshold,
        LibBlobs.BlobReference memory _blobReference
    )
        public
        returns (uint256 refund_)
    {
        LibBlobs.BlobSlice memory blobSlice = LibBlobs.validateBlobReference(_blobReference);
        require(blobSlice.blobHashes.length == 1, OnlySingleBlobAllowed());

        uint64 requiredFeeInGwei =
            getCurrentForcedInclusionFee($, _baseFeeInGwei, _feeDoubleThreshold);
        uint256 requiredFee = requiredFeeInGwei * 1 gwei;
        require(msg.value >= requiredFee, InsufficientFee());

        IForcedInclusionStore.ForcedInclusion memory inclusion =
            IForcedInclusionStore.ForcedInclusion({
                feeInGwei: requiredFeeInGwei, blobSlice: blobSlice
            });

        $.queue[$.tail++] = inclusion;

        emit IForcedInclusionStore.ForcedInclusionSaved(inclusion);

        // Calculate and return refund amount
        unchecked {
            refund_ = msg.value - requiredFee;
        }
    }

    /// @dev See `IForcedInclusionStore.getCurrentForcedInclusionFee`
    function getCurrentForcedInclusionFee(
        Storage storage $,
        uint64 _baseFeeInGwei,
        uint64 _feeDoubleThreshold
    )
        public
        view
        returns (uint64 feeInGwei_)
    {
        require(_feeDoubleThreshold > 0, InvalidFeeDoubleThreshold());

        (uint48 head, uint48 tail) = ($.head, $.tail);
        uint256 numPending = uint256(tail - head);

        // Linear scaling formula: fee = baseFee × (threshold + numPending) / threshold
        // This is mathematically equivalent to: fee = baseFee × (1 + numPending / threshold)
        // but avoids floating point arithmetic
        uint256 multipliedFee = _baseFeeInGwei * (_feeDoubleThreshold + numPending);
        feeInGwei_ = uint64((multipliedFee / _feeDoubleThreshold).min(type(uint64).max));
    }

    /// @notice Returns forced inclusions stored starting from a given index.
    /// @dev Returns an empty array if `_start` is outside the valid range [head, tail) or if
    ///      `_maxCount` is zero. Otherwise returns actual stored entries from the queue.
    /// @param _start The queue index to start reading from (must be in range [head, tail)).
    /// @param _maxCount Maximum number of inclusions to return. Passing zero returns an empty
    ///        array.
    /// @return inclusions_ Forced inclusions from the queue starting at `_start`. The actual length
    ///         will be `min(_maxCount, tail - _start)`, or zero if `_start` is out of range.
    function getForcedInclusions(
        Storage storage $,
        uint48 _start,
        uint48 _maxCount
    )
        internal
        view
        returns (IForcedInclusionStore.ForcedInclusion[] memory inclusions_)
    {
        unchecked {
            (uint48 head, uint48 tail) = ($.head, $.tail);

            if (_start < head || _start >= tail || _maxCount == 0) {
                return new IForcedInclusionStore.ForcedInclusion[](0);
            }

            uint256 count = uint256(tail - _start).min(_maxCount);

            inclusions_ = new IForcedInclusionStore.ForcedInclusion[](count);

            for (uint256 i; i < count; ++i) {
                inclusions_[i] = $.queue[i + _start];
            }
        }
    }

    /// @dev Returns the queue pointers for the forced inclusion storage.
    /// @param $ Storage instance tracking the forced inclusion queue.
    /// @return head_ Index of the next forced inclusion to dequeue.
    /// @return tail_ Index where the next forced inclusion will be enqueued.
    function getForcedInclusionState(Storage storage $)
        internal
        view
        returns (uint48 head_, uint48 tail_)
    {
        (head_, tail_) = ($.head, $.tail);
    }

    // ---------------------------------------------------------------
    // Internal functions
    // ---------------------------------------------------------------

    /// @dev Checks if the oldest remaining forced inclusion is due
    /// @param $ Storage reference
    /// @param _head Current queue head position
    /// @param _tail Current queue tail position
    /// @param _forcedInclusionDelay Delay in seconds before inclusion is due
    /// @return True if the oldest remaining inclusion is due for processing
    function isOldestForcedInclusionDue(
        Storage storage $,
        uint48 _head,
        uint48 _tail,
        uint16 _forcedInclusionDelay
    )
        internal
        view
        returns (bool)
    {
        unchecked {
            if (_head == _tail) return false;

            uint256 timestamp = $.queue[_head].blobSlice.timestamp;
            if (timestamp == 0) return false;

            return block.timestamp >= timestamp + _forcedInclusionDelay;
        }
    }

    // ---------------------------------------------------------------
    // Errors
    // ---------------------------------------------------------------

    error InsufficientFee();
    error InvalidFeeDoubleThreshold();
    error OnlySingleBlobAllowed();
}
          

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.24;

import { IInbox } from "../iface/IInbox.sol";
import { LibHashOptimized } from "./LibHashOptimized.sol";

/// @title LibInboxSetup
/// @notice Library for Inbox setup code (constructor validation, activation).
/// @dev Using public functions in a library forces external linking, reducing deployment size
///      of the main contract at the cost of a small runtime gas overhead for the DELEGATECALL.
/// @custom:security-contact security@taiko.xyz
library LibInboxSetup {
    // ---------------------------------------------------------------
    // Public Functions (externally linked)
    // ---------------------------------------------------------------

    /// @dev The time window during which activate() can be called after the first activation.
    uint256 public constant ACTIVATION_WINDOW = 2 hours;

    /// @dev Validates the Inbox configuration parameters.
    /// @param _config The configuration to validate.
    function validateConfig(IInbox.Config memory _config) public pure {
        // Validate in the order fields are defined in Config struct
        require(_config.codec != address(0), CodecZero());
        require(_config.proofVerifier != address(0), ProofVerifierZero());
        require(_config.proposerChecker != address(0), ProposerCheckerZero());
        require(_config.signalService != address(0), SignalServiceZero());
        require(_config.provingWindow != 0, ProvingWindowZero());
        require(_config.ringBufferSize > 1, RingBufferSizeTooSmall());
        require(_config.basefeeSharingPctg <= 100, BasefeeSharingPctgTooLarge());
        require(_config.minForcedInclusionCount != 0, MinForcedInclusionCountZero());
        require(_config.forcedInclusionFeeInGwei != 0, ForcedInclusionFeeInGweiZero());
        require(
            _config.forcedInclusionFeeDoubleThreshold != 0, ForcedInclusionFeeDoubleThresholdZero()
        );
        require(
            _config.permissionlessInclusionMultiplier > 1,
            PermissionlessInclusionMultiplierTooSmall()
        );
    }

    /// @dev Validates activation and computes the initial state for inbox activation.
    /// @param _lastPacayaBlockHash The block hash of the last Pacaya block.
    /// @param _activationTimestamp The current activation timestamp (0 if not yet activated).
    /// @return activationTimestamp_ The activation timestamp to use.
    /// @return state_ The initial CoreState.
    /// @return derivation_ The genesis derivation.
    /// @return proposal_ The genesis proposal.
    /// @return genesisProposalHash_ The hash of the genesis proposal (id=0).
    function activate(
        bytes32 _lastPacayaBlockHash,
        uint48 _activationTimestamp
    )
        public
        view
        returns (
            uint48 activationTimestamp_,
            IInbox.CoreState memory state_,
            IInbox.Derivation memory derivation_,
            IInbox.Proposal memory proposal_,
            bytes32 genesisProposalHash_
        )
    {
        // Validate activation parameters
        require(_lastPacayaBlockHash != 0, InvalidLastPacayaBlockHash());
        if (_activationTimestamp == 0) {
            activationTimestamp_ = uint48(block.timestamp);
        } else {
            require(
                block.timestamp <= ACTIVATION_WINDOW + _activationTimestamp,
                ActivationPeriodExpired()
            );
            activationTimestamp_ = _activationTimestamp;
        }

        // Set lastProposalBlockId to 1 to ensure the first proposal happens at block 2 or later.
        // This prevents reading blockhash(0) in propose(), which would return 0x0 and create
        // an invalid origin block hash. The EVM hardcodes blockhash(0) to 0x0, so we must
        // ensure proposals never reference the genesis block.
        state_.nextProposalId = 1;
        state_.lastProposalBlockId = 1;
        state_.lastFinalizedTimestamp = uint48(block.timestamp);
        state_.lastFinalizedBlockHash = _lastPacayaBlockHash;

        proposal_.derivationHash = LibHashOptimized.hashDerivation(derivation_);
        genesisProposalHash_ = LibHashOptimized.hashProposal(proposal_);
    }

    // ---------------------------------------------------------------
    // Errors
    // ---------------------------------------------------------------

    error ActivationPeriodExpired();
    error BasefeeSharingPctgTooLarge();
    error CodecZero();
    error ForcedInclusionFeeDoubleThresholdZero();
    error ForcedInclusionFeeInGweiZero();
    error InvalidLastPacayaBlockHash();
    error MinForcedInclusionCountZero();
    error PermissionlessInclusionMultiplierTooSmall();
    error ProofVerifierZero();
    error ProposerCheckerZero();
    error ProvingWindowZero();
    error RingBufferSizeTooSmall();
    error SignalServiceZero();
}